Chapter 1: Early People Vocabulary

Chapter 2: American Indians Vocabulary

Chapter 2, Lesson 1 Chapter 2, Lesson 3 adapt lodge adobe sod staple tepee division of labor travois surplus council ceremony hogan Chapter 2, Lesson 4 Chapter 2, Lesson 2 palisade harpoon wampum longhouse confederation clan wigwam totem pole resolve economy compromise network barter potlatch Chapter 2, Lesson 5 kayak igloo classify

1 Chapter 2, Lesson 1: The Desert Southwest Pueblo People  harsh environment forced the people to adapt  Hopi (AZ) and Zuni (NM) built dwellings on the sides of steep canyons or on mesas out of mud and rock, or houses out of adobe bricks because wood was scarce  able to grow staple foods (maize, beans, squash) and cotton due to the irrigation canals they built channeling the water from underground springs Pueblo Culture (Hopi and Zuni)  Hopi had division of labor with special jobs for men and women  surplus of foods such as ground maize allowed for survival during drought  traded with other tribes for things like salt  believed in gods and kachinas (spirit messengers between the people and the gods) who entered the bodies of dancers during ceremonies used to ask for favor from the gods  chiefs or leaders were often the religious leaders

2 The Navajo  originally nomads, moved to the desert and learned from Hopi  dwellings were hogans and not built in villages Navajo Beliefs  believed in gods they called the holy people  medicine men held religious ceremonies including music and dancing and made sand paintings to heal the sick and ask for favor with crops, etc.

Chapter 2, Lesson 2: The Pacific Northwest

A Region of Plenty (Kwakiutl, Makah, Chinook)  between the Pacific and the Mountain Region of the Northwest coast, forests grew, rivers flowed, and animals were plenty  fished, hunted and gathered plants and nuts with salmon being the main staple food  whales supplied food and fat which provided oil for lamps  most groups hunted beached whales, but the Makahs built huge dugout canoes to hunt them at sea

3 Resources and Trade  forests provided lots of wood which they used for canoes and longhouses that housed entire clans  wood used for tools, ceremonial masks, and totem poles which stood outside houses, marked graves, and welcomed visitors  used waterways to get around, get resources, and trade

Trade and Wealth  Chinook lived at the mouth of the river so they controlled the trade network, and developed a trade language for the tribes  families held potlatches, celebrations, to show off their wealth, passing out expensive gifts to guests

Chapter 2, Lesson 3: The Plains

Life on the Plains  lived between Rockies and the Mississippi  water and buffalo were most important resources  dressed in animal skins to sneak up on buffalo and scared them off a cliff

4 Farmers and Hunters  central plains Indians were tribes like Mandan, Pawnee, Wichita, and Sioux who hunted, gathered, and farmed; living in villages made up of circular lodges which housed many families and were covered either by sod or by animal skins  twice a year the village went on a buffalo hunt

A Nomadic Society  Great Plains Indians such as Cheyenne and Kiowa built teepees so they could travel easily  used travois, poles tied to a dog with skins between them, to carry goods when moving

Plains Cultures  relied on councils and agreements to respect one another  chiefs were chosen based on merit, not birth

5 Chapter 2, Lesson 4: The Eastern Woodlands

Life in the Eastern Woodlands  east of the Mississippi to the Atlantic and thick with forests  used trees for canoes, shelters, tools, and weapons  northern region mostly hunted and gathered; southern region mostly farmed crops

The Iriquois  northeastern section  lived in longhouses divided into sections for one to two families each, built palisades for protection, and grew crops, The Three Sisters (corn, beans, and squash) were all planted in the same field  used wampum to tell stories or trade for goods  five largest groups often warred, so they formed a confederation called the Iriquois League which was a council to make decisions for the group

6 Algonquins  lived in longhouses and wigwams  hunted and gathered, relying heavily on fish  built canoes and hooks to catch fish  wore deerskin clothes decorated with feathers and shells  two leaders; one for war and one for peace

Chapter 2, Lesson 5: The Plains

A Cold Land (Aleut and Innuit)  harshest environment, have to hunt, can’t farm

Arctic Ways of Life  bows and arrows to hunt small land animals  kayaks and harpoons to hunt water animals  had to use every part of the animals to survive  Aleuts used houses with beams made from whale bones covered in sod  Innuits lived in igloos in winter and tents in summer  lived in bands