STUDY GUIDE: Evolution

CH 22 STUDY GUIDE : DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION A DARWINIAN VIEW OF LIFE

KEY TERMS

Biological evolution evidence for evolution

Jean Baptist de Lamarck Geologic inheritance of acquired Radioactive decay characteristics Fossils James Hutton Paleontology catastrophism Biogeography uniformitarianism Comparative anatomy Charles Lyell homologous Alfred Russell Wallace analogous Charles Darwin vestigial natural selection Domestication survival of the fittest Embryology Thomas Malthus adaptation variation fitness excessive reproduction

WORD ROOTS bio - = life; geo - = the Earth (biogeography: the study of the past and present distribution of species) end - = within (endemic: a type of species that is found only in one region and nowhere else in the world) homo - = like, resembling (homology: similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry)

1 paleo - = ancient (paleontology: the scientific study of fossils) taxo - = arrange (taxonomy: the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life) vestigi - = trace (vestigial organs: structures of marginal, if any, importance to an organism, historical remnants of structures that had important functions in ancestors)

QUESTIONS

1. Explain Charles Darwin's contributions to evolutionary ideas. Give the basic assumptions upon which Darwin's theory rests. Indicate the types of evidence that Darwin used in formulating his theory.

2. Summarize in your own words Darwin’s theory of natural selection as the mechanism of evolution.

3. List the processes that can lead to genetic variation.

4. Explain why changes in somatic cells cannot bring about evolution.

5. Contrast Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics with Darwin's theory of natural selection.

6. Within a few weeks of treatment with the drug 3TC, a patient’s HIV population consists entirely of 3TC - resistant HIV. Explain how this rapid evolution of drug resistance is an example of natural selection.

7. Name three vestigial structures found in Homo sapiens and suggest the functional structure from which they evolved.

2 8. a. Match the theory or philosophy and its proponent(s) with the following descriptions:

A. catastrophism a. Aristotle

B. inheritance of aquired characteristics b. Cuvier

C. gradualism c. Darwin

D. natural selection d. Hutton

E. natural theology e. Lamark

F. scale of nature f. Linnaeus

G. uniformitarianism g. Lyell

Theory Proponent

1. ______Discovery of the Creator’s plan through classification of species

2. ______History of Earth marked by floods or droughts that resulted in extinctions

3. ______Early explanation of mechanism of evolution

4. ______Profound change is the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes

5. ______Fixed species on a continuum from simple to complex

6. ______Differential reproductive success leads to adaptation to environment and evolution

7. ______Geologic processes have constant rates throughout time

b. Now place 1 through 7 in chronological order.

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