Table S6. Pressures indicators description and evolution that directly affect biodiversity and ecosystems in Spain.
Pressures Indicator description Indicator evolution Land use change Urbanization Number of initiate 1000
s
e 900 s
houses u 800 o h
d 700 e t
a 600 i
Period: 1970-2009 t i n
i 500
f o 400 s d
Units: Thousands of n 300 a s
u 200 initiated houses o h
T 100 0 Source: [1]
Years
Habitat New railroads 18 fragmentatio 16 s
d 14 a
n Period: 1980-2010 o r l i
a 12 r
f o
10
Units: Thousand of m K
s 8
Kilometers d n
a 6 s u o
h 4 Source: [2] T 2 0
Years
Over exploitation / Biotic materials Marine Captures of salmons in 16 species Spanish rivers 14 extracted 12 ) 0
Period: 1961-2005 0 10 0 0
0 8 1 x (
Units: Millions of tons m 6 T 4
Source: [3] 2
0
Years
Over exploitation / Abiotic materials Groundwater Groundwater extracted 400 consumption for irrigation 350 300 Period: 1961-2004 250 3
m 200 H Units: Hectometers 150 100 Source: [4] 50 0
Years Climate change Greenhouse Total greenhouse gases 160 gases emisssions 140 emissions 120
q 100 e Period: 1990-2008 2
O 80 C
m
T 60 Units: Tons of CO2 equivalent 40 20 Source: [4] 0
Years
Glaciers Surface cover by 7 permanent glaciers 6 5 a H
Period: 1982-2009
d 4 e r d
n 3 u
Units: Hectares H 2 Source: [5] 1 0
Years
Invasive alien species Invasive alien Number of invasive 140 d
e 120 species plants c u d
o 100 r t n i
s 80 Period: 1961-2003 t n a l p
60 f o
r
Units: number of e 40 b m
species u 20 N
0 Source: [6]
Years
Pollution Pollution Total CO2 emissions 400 350
Period: 1961-2010 2 300 O C 250 m T
f o
Units: Millions of tons 200 s n o
i 150 l l i
Source: [7] M 100 50 0
Years
REFERENCES 1. Spanish National Statistical Institute. Available online (visited November 2011) http://www.ine.es/
2. World Bank (2011) World Bank data by country. Available online (visited November 2011) http://data.worldbank.org/country/spain
3. Sport fishing groups (2011) Available online (visited November 2011) http://www.vadeando.com/inicio/;
4. Spanish Ministry of Agriculture Food and Environment (2011) Anuraio de estadistica. Perfil ambiental de España. Available online (visited November 2011) http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/estadistica/temas/default.aspx
5. European Environment Agency (2011) ERHIN Program. Available online (visited November 2011) http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/countries/es/national-and-regional- story-spain
6. Sanz Elorza M, Sanchez ED, Sobrino Vesperina E, (2004) Atlas de las plantas alóctonas invasoras en España. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad. Madrid, 384 p.
7. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (2011) Available online (visited November 2011) http://cdiac.ornl.gov/