Forms of the Infinitive

The Complex Subject

S + was/were V₃ + any form of the Infinitive S + is/are V₃ + any form of the infinitive

Active Voice Passive Voice Indefinite to help to be helped Continuous to be helping ----- Perfect to have helped to have been helped Perfect Continuous to have been helping -----

1.These devices are said to be very reliable in operation. – Говорят, что эти приборы очень надёжны в действии.

2.These firms were said to be fly-by-night companies. – Говорили, что эти компании – однодневки.

3.The temperature is known to affect the rate of chemical reactions. – Температура , как известно, влияет на скорость химических реакций. / Известно, что температура влияет на скорость химических реакций.

4.a)The company is reported to go global. – Cообщают, что компания выходит на мировой рынок.

b)The company is reported to have gone global. – Сообщают, что компания вышла на мировой рынок.

c)The company is reported to be declared bankrupt. – Сообщают ,что компанию объявляют (объявят) банкротом.

d)The company is reported to have been declared bankrupt. – Сообщают, что компанию объявили банкротом.

e)The company is reported to be restructuring. – Сообщают, что компания реструктуризируется.

f)The company is reported to have been restructuring for over a year. – Сообщают, что компания реструктуризируется больше года.

is /are(was/were) said Говорят (говорили), что is/are (was/were)known Известно (знали), что / как известно, is/ are (was/were) believed Полагают (полагали), что is/are (was/were)thought Думают (думали), что / полагают (полагали), что is/are (was/were) assumed Полагают (полагали), что is/are (was/were) considered Считают (считали), что is/are (was/were)found Находят (обнаружили), что/ считают is/are (was/were) discovered Находят (обнаружили), что is/are (was/were) supposed Предполагают (предполагали), что is/are (was/were) expected Ожидают (ожидали), что is/are (was/were) announced Заявляют (заявили), что is/are (was/were) reported Сообщают (сообщили), что

Some Amazing Facts.

People

1.Bill Gates is known to have designed a traffic control system for Seattle when he was only 15.

2.Albert Einstein is known to have been offered the presidency of Israel in 1952 but he declined.

3.Thomas Alva Edison is known to have patented almost 1,300 inventions in his lifetime.

Countries

1.The Shard of Glass in London is considered (to be) the tallest building in the EU.

2. The Shard is expected to be surpassed by the Heritage Plaza in Paris (2017). 3.The US is believed to consume 25% of the world`s energy. 4.China was announced to have created a supercomputer carrying out more than 2.5 trillion calculations per second. 5. China is reported to have been negotiating a high-speed rail network from Beijing to London. 6.Belgium is known to have recovered the fastest from World War II placing a greater reliance on free markets. Companies 1.An authentic Rolex is known to have the second hand that doesn`t tick, it moves smoothly. 2.Sony is known to have come out with the rice cooker as their first product. 3Microsoft is known to have made $ 16, 005 in revenue in its first year of operation.

S + V + any form of the infinitive II.

appear(-s) (appeared) По-видимому, кажется (oказалось) seem(-s) (seemed) Кажется (казалось) turn(-s) (turned) Оказывается (оказалось) prove(-s) (proved) Оказывается (оказалось) happen (-s) (happened) Случайно (случилось так, что)

1.WAL-Mart proves to generate $ 5, 000,000,00 in revenue every minute.

2.The filming of the movie ‘Titanic’ appeared to have cost more than the Titanic itself.

3,The cigarette lighter turned out to have been invented before the match.

4.The new manager proved (to be) very practical.

5.The Production Manager happened to be in the CEO`s office, I was able to speak to him.

6.The CFO doesn`t seem to know how to minimize labour costs. He didn`t prove (to be ) very effective. He may happen to be fired.

S + is/are (un) likely + to V S + is/are sure + to V S + is/are certain + to V

1.The firm is unlikely to win the contract. – Маловероятно, что фирма заключит контракт.

2.The competitors are likely to produce a similar product. –Конкуренты, вероятно, выпустят подобный продукт.

3.Не is sure to be promoted. – Его наверняка повысят./Очень вероятно, что его повысят./Его непременно повысят.

Predictions

"It's tough to make predictions, especially about the future."

1.The US unemployment rate is likely to turn to prerecession levels in 2016.

2.China`s economy is certain to surpass the US`s economy by 2027.

3.The financial crisis in Europe is sure to cause officials to grasp for ‘radical solutions’.

4.Massive gas discoveries in East Africa are likely to put Russia in a much less powerful position.

5.The competitors are certain not to increase prices.

6.The project team seems unlikely to meet the deadline.

7.There likely to be some changes in the incentive scheme. 8.There are sure to be many difficulties in solving this question.

9.Many economic forecasters are likely to be wrong in their predictions.

The Complex Subject seems to be interesting to learn.

We are certain to translate it right!