<p> The Complex Subject</p><p>S + was/were V₃ + any form of the Infinitive S + is/are V₃ + any form of the infinitive</p><p>I.</p><p>Forms of the Infinitive</p><p>Active Voice Passive Voice Indefinite to help to be helped Continuous to be helping ----- Perfect to have helped to have been helped Perfect Continuous to have been helping -----</p><p>1.These devices are said to be very reliable in operation. – Говорят, что эти приборы очень надёжны в действии.</p><p>2.These firms were said to be fly-by-night companies. – Говорили, что эти компании – однодневки.</p><p>3.The temperature is known to affect the rate of chemical reactions. – Температура , как известно, влияет на скорость химических реакций. / Известно, что температура влияет на скорость химических реакций.</p><p>4.a)The company is reported to go global. – Cообщают, что компания выходит на мировой рынок.</p><p> b)The company is reported to have gone global. – Сообщают, что компания вышла на мировой рынок.</p><p> c)The company is reported to be declared bankrupt. – Сообщают ,что компанию объявляют (объявят) банкротом.</p><p> d)The company is reported to have been declared bankrupt. – Сообщают, что компанию объявили банкротом.</p><p> e)The company is reported to be restructuring. – Сообщают, что компания реструктуризируется.</p><p> f)The company is reported to have been restructuring for over a year. – Сообщают, что компания реструктуризируется больше года.</p><p> is /are(was/were) said Говорят (говорили), что is/are (was/were)known Известно (знали), что / как известно, is/ are (was/were) believed Полагают (полагали), что is/are (was/were)thought Думают (думали), что / полагают (полагали), что is/are (was/were) assumed Полагают (полагали), что is/are (was/were) considered Считают (считали), что is/are (was/were)found Находят (обнаружили), что/ считают is/are (was/were) discovered Находят (обнаружили), что is/are (was/were) supposed Предполагают (предполагали), что is/are (was/were) expected Ожидают (ожидали), что is/are (was/were) announced Заявляют (заявили), что is/are (was/were) reported Сообщают (сообщили), что</p><p>Some Amazing Facts.</p><p>People</p><p>1.Bill Gates is known to have designed a traffic control system for Seattle when he was only 15.</p><p>2.Albert Einstein is known to have been offered the presidency of Israel in 1952 but he declined.</p><p>3.Thomas Alva Edison is known to have patented almost 1,300 inventions in his lifetime.</p><p>Countries</p><p>1.The Shard of Glass in London is considered (to be) the tallest building in the EU. </p><p>2. The Shard is expected to be surpassed by the Heritage Plaza in Paris (2017). 3.The US is believed to consume 25% of the world`s energy. 4.China was announced to have created a supercomputer carrying out more than 2.5 trillion calculations per second. 5. China is reported to have been negotiating a high-speed rail network from Beijing to London. 6.Belgium is known to have recovered the fastest from World War II placing a greater reliance on free markets. Companies 1.An authentic Rolex is known to have the second hand that doesn`t tick, it moves smoothly. 2.Sony is known to have come out with the rice cooker as their first product. 3Microsoft is known to have made $ 16, 005 in revenue in its first year of operation.</p><p>S + V + any form of the infinitive II.</p><p> appear(-s) (appeared) По-видимому, кажется (oказалось) seem(-s) (seemed) Кажется (казалось) turn(-s) (turned) Оказывается (оказалось) prove(-s) (proved) Оказывается (оказалось) happen (-s) (happened) Случайно (случилось так, что)</p><p>1.WAL-Mart proves to generate $ 5, 000,000,00 in revenue every minute.</p><p>2.The filming of the movie ‘Titanic’ appeared to have cost more than the Titanic itself.</p><p>3,The cigarette lighter turned out to have been invented before the match.</p><p>4.The new manager proved (to be) very practical.</p><p>5.The Production Manager happened to be in the CEO`s office, I was able to speak to him.</p><p>6.The CFO doesn`t seem to know how to minimize labour costs. He didn`t prove (to be ) very effective. He may happen to be fired.</p><p>III. </p><p>S + is/are (un) likely + to V S + is/are sure + to V S + is/are certain + to V</p><p>1.The firm is unlikely to win the contract. – Маловероятно, что фирма заключит контракт.</p><p>2.The competitors are likely to produce a similar product. –Конкуренты, вероятно, выпустят подобный продукт.</p><p>3.Не is sure to be promoted. – Его наверняка повысят./Очень вероятно, что его повысят./Его непременно повысят.</p><p>Predictions</p><p>"It's tough to make predictions, especially about the future."</p><p>1.The US unemployment rate is likely to turn to prerecession levels in 2016.</p><p>2.China`s economy is certain to surpass the US`s economy by 2027.</p><p>3.The financial crisis in Europe is sure to cause officials to grasp for ‘radical solutions’.</p><p>4.Massive gas discoveries in East Africa are likely to put Russia in a much less powerful position.</p><p>5.The competitors are certain not to increase prices.</p><p>6.The project team seems unlikely to meet the deadline.</p><p>7.There likely to be some changes in the incentive scheme. 8.There are sure to be many difficulties in solving this question.</p><p>9.Many economic forecasters are likely to be wrong in their predictions.</p><p>The Complex Subject seems to be interesting to learn. </p><p>We are certain to translate it right!</p>