Fossils - Answers

Fossils - answers

Revision questions

1. Fossils form in conditions that are low in oxygen, where the fossil is buried quickly and where the fossil is unlikely to be disturbed, such as swamps and muddy creeks with slow-moving water.

2. Rocks that are at the bottom are the oldest and rocks that are at the top are the youngest.

3. The geological time scale contain information about the the number of years before the present day and the type of living things dominant during that time.

4. That the shape of the continents look like they all fit together

5. Convection currents are caused by the magma in the mantle. When magma towards the bottom of the mantle is heated up by the core, the magma becomes less dense, floats upwards, becomes cooler and denser and sinks back down. This cycle continues and forms a current, which moves the plates above it.

6. Convergence, divergence and transform plate boundaries can all result in earthquakes. Convergent boundaries where one plate slides under the other can result in volcanoes. Convergent boundaries where the plates crumble upwards cause folded mountains.

7. The epicentre of an Earthquake is the point at the Earth’s surface where above where the earthquake started.

8. (a) lithosphere – cracks in the ground

(b) Biosphere – death and injury to living things

9. (a) lithosphere – new islands may form

(b) Atmosphere – toxic gases and ash released

(c) Hydrosphere – ash and chemicals may pollute waterways

(d) Biosphere – death and injury to living things

10. Cyclones are strong tropical storms that are characterised by strong winds and heavy rainfall. Living things may die from flooding or injury from being hit by debris. Trees may be uprooted by the strong winds.

1) (i) D

(ii) A

(iii) D

(iv) C

(v) B 2009

1) Convection current

2) (i) The dessert demonstrates the law of superposition where the jelly layers and lollies at the bottom were formed before the jelly layers and lollies at the top. Therefore, the jelly layers and lollies at the bottom were older. This is the same for rocks. Rocks at the bottom are older than rocks above them.

(ii) No fossils were formed during the time the bottom layer was formed. This could be because no animal or plant died there.

(iii) Advantage – Shows how relative dating works in a short amount of time. It is much quicker to use jelly to demonstrate the law of superposition than to use real rocks which takes millions of years.

Disadvantage – Jellies are only simple representations of real rocks. Jellies cannot show the effects of volcanic eruptions forming intrusions amongst the layers. Lollies cannot show the different types of fossils that can form.

1) (i) B

(ii) B

(iii) C

(iv) D

(v) B (Biosphere)

(vi) Can’t answer question as no revision booklet does no show stimulus booklet

(viii) Can’t answer question as no revision booklet does no show stimulus booklet

2) (i) Can’t answer question as no revision booklet does no show stimulus booklet

(ii) Low oxygen; lack of disturbance to the fossil

(iii) Fossils allow scientists to see how living things have changed overtime. It shows that organisms that exist now were non-existent before and some organisms have become extinct. Fossils also allow scientists to see how organisms have developed from simple to complex

(iv) Proetida had adaptations that were suited to the environment it lived in. If the environment did not change much, Proetida would be able to survive, reproduce and ensure the survival of its species.

2) (i) Can’t answer question as no revision booklet does no show stimulus booklet

(ii) Can’t answer question as no revision booklet does no show stimulus booklet

2006 1) (i) C

(ii) C

(iii) A

(iv) D

(vi) D

2) (i) convection current

(ii) energy

3) (i) Argument for – The warning system will provide more information and warning to people about possible tsunamis that may occur due to underwater earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. This can give people more time to evacuate, which will result in less deaths and injuries.

Argument against – The warning system may interfere with the ecosystem it is in

Cyclone Tsunami Effect on atmosphere -Strong winds and heavy rain -Minimal effect Effect on lithosphere -Flooding -Flooding Effect on hydrosphere -Contaminates water supply -Contaminates water supply Effect on biosphere -Death and injury -Death and injury -Trees uprooted -Homes destroyed -Homes destroyed

1) (i) D

(ii) B

(iii) D

(iv) C

(vi) A

(vii) B

(viii) B

(ix) C (x) B

2) (i) Biosphere

(ii) Cyclone

1) (i) D

(ii) A

(iii) C

2) (i) convection current