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Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868 –1928)

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Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868 –1928) Duncanrig Secondary School Department of Art&Design Art & Design Studies Learner’s N4/5 Outcome 1 Design Factsheet Design Studies Textiles/Pattern N4: Describe the things that have inspired and influenced designers and their work by: N4: 1.1 Describing how designers use design materials, techniques and/or technology in their work N4: 1.2 Describing the things that have influenced these designers and the work they produce N4: 1.3 Expressing facts and personal opinions about the designers’ work A study of Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868 –1928) Tobacco Flower textile design, Watercolour design for Rose & Teardrop, Watercolour & Gouache, 1915-23 Furniture Fabric, 1915-23, Watercolour Textile Design, 1915-23 CLICK ON LINK BELOW TO VIEW RELEVANT IMAGES https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/f1/e5/70/f1e570055e84b7871a46482a091b610e.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/a9/77/25/a977252411cd1fd494da9bf6e5dae80e.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/5d/46/4a/5d464aa612facc9e943a0e7484abf2a5.jpg Images from The Hunterian Museum, Mackintosh Collection What is Textiles Design? Textile design is a creative field that fulfills a variety of purposes in our lives such as our clothing, carpets, drapes, towels, and historically wall coverings. The creations of patterned textiles are not only important for their use, but also for the role they play in the fashion industry. Textile designers have the ability to inspire collections, trends, and styles. The textile industry, while being a creative art form, is a very business savvy industry. Textile designers marry a creative vision of what a finished textile will look like with a deep understanding of the technical aspects of production and the properties of fibre, yarn, and dyes. The creative process often begins with different art mediums to map concepts for the finished product. Traditionally, drawings of woven textile patterns were translated onto special forms of graph paper called point papers, which were used by the weavers in setting up their looms. Today, most professional textile designers use some form of computer-aided design software. Some of the latest advances in textile printing have been in the area of digital printing. In addition, heat-transfer printing is another popular printing method to be used in the textile design. Patterns are often designed in repeat to maintain a balanced design across a large area. Repeat size is the distance directly across or down from any motif in a design to the next place that same motif occurs. The size of the repeat is determined by the production method. For example, printed repeat patterns must fit within particular screen sizes while woven repeat patterns must fit within certain loom sizes. There are several different types of layouts for repeated patterns. Some of the most common repeats are straight and half drop. Often, the same design is produced in many different coloured versions, which are called Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh; http://www.huntsearch.gla.ac.uk/Mackintosh/index.html; colorways.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_design Once a pattern is comple: http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/mac/charlesrenniemackintosh.htmlte, the design process shifts to choosing the proper fabrics to get the design printed on or woven into the fabric. Duncanrig Secondary School Department of Art&Design Art & Design Studies Charles Rennie Mackintosh (7 June, 1868 - 10 December 1928) Largely under-rated in his homeland during his lifetime, Charles Rennie Mackintosh was an architect, designer and painter who influenced European design, particularly in Austria, where he worked with the Vienna Secession and was influenced by Joseph Hoffman, and in Germany, in the early 1900s, where he exhibited with the Wiener Werkstatte. Recently he has achieved the recognition his work deserves, both in Scotland, and worldwide. Like the British Arts & Craft designers before him, he believed that each building should be a total work of art, with each carefully designed detail contributing to the whole. Thus many of his designs are for interiors and furniture. The Hill House in Helensburgh was design by Mackintosh inside and out, to the last detail as a commission for the wealthy publisher Walter Blackie. The son of a police superintendent, Charles Rennie Mackintosh was born in Glasgow in June 1868. At the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to the firm of John Hutchison, and studied at Glasgow School of Art in the evenings. Whilst still attending the School of Art, Mackintosh won several prizes. In 1889 he joined Honeyman & Keppie as an architectural assistant. The following year Mackintosh won a travelling scholarship, and toured Italy, France and Belgium, before settling into his work. Whilst at Glasgow School of Art he met Margaret Macdonald, herself a talented designer, who he would later marry. Together with her sister, Frances and Herbert McNair, they were known as "The Four", and exhibited their designs in Glasgow, London, Vienna and Turin. Their "Glasgow Style" became a recognised trend and took influence from modernist ideas and traditional Japanese art and design (Japonism). In 1893, Mackintosh designed his first major work, the Glasgow Herald building – now refurbished as The Lighthouse. This building is now a museum and gallery and features some of his work. Over the next few years he designed several buildings including Glasgow School of Art and Queen's Cross Church, now home to The Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society. In 1900 Margaret Macdonald and Mackintosh were married and they continued to work together, both in Scotland and abroad. They found success in competitions in Germany and at exhibitions in Vienna and Turin. Together they designed the Warndorfer Music Salon in Vienna and the Exhibition Room in Moscow. Margaret's contribution to Mackintosh's work should never be underestimated. The early 1900s were a very productive time for the Mackintoshes. During this period designs were produced for House for an Art Lover (built recently in Glasgow's Bellahouston Park), The Hill House in Helensburgh, Scotland Street School and the Willow Tea Rooms in Sauchiehall Street, both in Glasgow. In 1904, Charles became a partner in Honeyman and Keppie, and over the next nine years worked on various commissions throughout Central Scotland. His work took him to places such as Comrie, Lennoxtown, Bowling, Bridge of Allan, Kilmacolm and Dumgoyne. In 1914 the Mackintoshes moved to Walberswick in Suffolk and then onto Chelsea in London, the following year. During the next nine years, he undertook commissions for furniture, book covers and for fabrics for companies such as Foxton’s and Sexton’s, in which patterns you can see the influence of his career in architecture. It was during this period, in 1916, Mackintosh designed the interior of the house at 78 Derngate, Northampton. From 1923-27, they lived in Port Vendres in the South of France, where Mackintosh concentrated on landscape painting. He returned to London for cancer treatment in 1927 and died the following year. Art Nouveau Art Nouveau was a movement in the visual arts, popular from the early 1890s up to the First World War. It is viewed by some as the first real attempt to create a single modern style of work. Its influence can be found in every area of art and design from the time. The drawings of Aubrey Beardsley, the architecture of Victor Horta, the painted glass of Louis Comfort Tiffany and the poster designs of Alphonse Mucha are some of the most familiar examples of the Art Nouveau style. Art Nouveau could be said to be the first 20th century modern style. It was a ‘new art for a new millenium’ and it was the first style to not only look backwards in history for ideas (ancient cultures and their art forms), but artists and designers also took inspiration from what they saw around them, in particular the natural world such as plants and sea-life. When the Art Nouveau style was showcased in the great exhibitions in Paris and then in London, there was outrage; people either loved it or loathed it. Within the style itself there are two distinct looks: curvy flowing lines, seen in the illustrations of Alphonse Mucha and the more rigid, linear look of designers such as Charles Rennie Mackintosh. Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh; http://www.huntsearch.gla.ac.uk/Mackintosh/index.html; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_design: http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/mac/charlesrenniemackintosh.html .
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