Year 11 Physical Education

Year 11 Physical Education 2010

Anatomy Workbook

Name:______The Skeletal System

The 5 key functions of the skeleton are:

1. S______and s______- The skeleton is our bodies framework, it holds our bodies shape 2. M ______- Our muscles attach to our bones in a way that allows movement 3. P ______- Our skeleton protects our vital organs. e.g. our skull protects our b______, our ribcage protects our h______and l______.

4. Blood p______- red and white blood cells are produced in our bone marrow. Red blood cells carry o______to the muscles which allows them to work. 5. S______- minerals like calcium are stored in the bones to add strength

The skeleton Joints of the body

There are 3 types of joints in the body. These joints are fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints and synovial joints.  Fibrous joints are joints that fuse bones together. They allow very little movement. These joints can be found on your skull.  Cartilaginous joints are where bones are joined to bones by a connective piece of cartilage. These allow some movement and act as a shock absorber. An example of this is where the ribs join to your sternum.  Synovial joints are the most common joints in your body. They allow free movement in a variety of directions. Examples of these joints are your knees, elbows, hips, shoulders, neck.

Types of synovial joints:

Joint Type Movement at joint Examples Structure

Hinge Flexion/Extension

Elbow/Knee Hinge joint

Rotation of one bone around Pivot another

Top of the neck Pivot Joint (atlas and axis bones) Flexion/Extension/Adduction/ Ball and Socket Abduction/Internal & External Rotation

Shoulder/Hip Ball and socket joint

Flexion/Extension/Adduction/ Saddle Abduction/Circumduction

CMC joint of the Saddle joint thumb

Gliding Gliding movements

Intercarpal joints Gliding joint

What type of joint is the:

Wrist………………….. Thumb joint……………….. Elbow………………… Toe joint…………………… Ankle………………… Knee………………….. Shoulder…………………… Head and spine……………. Movement Description Example Agonist Antagonist Flexion Bicep curl Biceps triceps

Extension Leg extensions Quadriceps hamstrings

Abduction Shoulder raises Deltoid Pectoralis (abducting major from the midline)

Adduction Hip adduction Hip Hip (adding to the adductors, abductors, midline) quadriceps including Gluteals

Rotation Bowling in cricket Posterior Anterior deltoid deltoid, pectoralis major

*Fill in the blanks above by describing what happens at the joints during the movements identified Muscles and Movements

Identified the movements that occur at particular joints when the muscle identified contracts (SHORTENS).

Muscle Antagonist Movements that occur

Elbow joint – The bicep causes Bicep Tricep the elbow flexion

Hamstring

Quadricep

Tricep

Deltoid

Abdominals (rectus abdominus)