<p> Year 11 Physical Education 2010</p><p>Anatomy Workbook</p><p>Name:______The Skeletal System</p><p>The 5 key functions of the skeleton are:</p><p>1. S______and s______- The skeleton is our bodies framework, it holds our bodies shape 2. M ______- Our muscles attach to our bones in a way that allows movement 3. P ______- Our skeleton protects our vital organs. e.g. our skull protects our b______, our ribcage protects our h______and l______.</p><p>4. Blood p______- red and white blood cells are produced in our bone marrow. Red blood cells carry o______to the muscles which allows them to work. 5. S______- minerals like calcium are stored in the bones to add strength</p><p>The skeleton Joints of the body</p><p>There are 3 types of joints in the body. These joints are fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints and synovial joints.  Fibrous joints are joints that fuse bones together. They allow very little movement. These joints can be found on your skull.  Cartilaginous joints are where bones are joined to bones by a connective piece of cartilage. These allow some movement and act as a shock absorber. An example of this is where the ribs join to your sternum.  Synovial joints are the most common joints in your body. They allow free movement in a variety of directions. Examples of these joints are your knees, elbows, hips, shoulders, neck.</p><p>Types of synovial joints:</p><p>Joint Type Movement at joint Examples Structure</p><p>Hinge Flexion/Extension</p><p>Elbow/Knee Hinge joint </p><p>Rotation of one bone around Pivot another </p><p>Top of the neck Pivot Joint (atlas and axis bones) Flexion/Extension/Adduction/ Ball and Socket Abduction/Internal & External Rotation </p><p>Shoulder/Hip Ball and socket joint </p><p>Flexion/Extension/Adduction/ Saddle Abduction/Circumduction</p><p>CMC joint of the Saddle joint thumb </p><p>Gliding Gliding movements </p><p>Intercarpal joints Gliding joint </p><p>What type of joint is the:</p><p>Wrist………………….. Thumb joint……………….. Elbow………………… Toe joint…………………… Ankle………………… Knee………………….. Shoulder…………………… Head and spine……………. Movement Description Example Agonist Antagonist Flexion Bicep curl Biceps triceps</p><p>Extension Leg extensions Quadriceps hamstrings</p><p>Abduction Shoulder raises Deltoid Pectoralis (abducting major from the midline)</p><p>Adduction Hip adduction Hip Hip (adding to the adductors, abductors, midline) quadriceps including Gluteals</p><p>Rotation Bowling in cricket Posterior Anterior deltoid deltoid, pectoralis major</p><p>*Fill in the blanks above by describing what happens at the joints during the movements identified Muscles and Movements</p><p>Identified the movements that occur at particular joints when the muscle identified contracts (SHORTENS). </p><p>Muscle Antagonist Movements that occur</p><p>Elbow joint – The bicep causes Bicep Tricep the elbow flexion</p><p>Hamstring</p><p>Quadricep</p><p>Tricep</p><p>Deltoid</p><p>Abdominals (rectus abdominus)</p>