Weather Name: ______ and Chemistry 2014 Climate

Weather Name: ______

and Chemistry 2014 Climate Weather and Climate Weather: “______” Climate: “______”

Measuring Weather Conditions Thermometer = ______Wind Vane = ______Rain Guage = ______Barometer = ______Anemometer = ______Clouds = ______

Weather Occurs in the ______layer of the Earth’s atmosphere

Air temperature changes with increase or decrease in the atmosphere: ______

Term Explaining Reason for the Weather ______Convection is the transfer of ______, usually in ______or ______▸ Since warmed air has more space between the molecules (______), it’s ______and ______▸ Cooled air is ______(condenses) and tends to ______◦ In general, air near the equator tends to rise and air near the poles tends to sink

It is the atmosphere's ______that brings us our changing weather. Coriolis effect The coriolis effect is caused by the ______of the Earth, causing air and water to be deflected to the ______, ______of the equator and to the ______in the southern hemisphere. This effect results in a “______” Most of our weather in the United states comes from the ______, which means our weather comes from the ______.

REVIEW 1. Weather occurs in the _____ layer of the atmosphere. ______2. Transfer of heat in liquids or gases is______3. _____ air is dense and tends to sink. ______4. Cold air holds _____ moisture than warm air ______5. The Coriolis effect causes the air and water to be deflected to the _____ of the equator ______

Air Pressure Pressure depends on the amount of air above the measuring point and falls as you go higher ▸ air pressure changes with weather Air in a high pressure area ______and ______as it descends (drops) ▸ the warming inhibits the formation of clouds, meaning the sky is normally sunny in high-pressure areas; ______might form ▸ the opposite occurs in an area of low pressure High Pressure Areas ▸ When cooler air sinks and is warmed, the air ______▸ This usually means ______▸ ______tend to move ______around a high

Low Pressure Areas ▸ When warm air rises and is cooled, the air ______▸ Often, these areas are associated with ______weather ▸ ______tend to move ______around the low

Fronts and Air Masses ▸ An air mass is a ______whose temperature and moisture are ______at a given______▸ (continental polar) : cold, dry stable ▸ (continental tropical) : hot, dry, stable air aloft, unstable at the surface ▸ (maritime polar) : cool, moist, unstable ▸ (maritime tropical) : warm, moist, unstable ▸ Fronts are ______▸ Warm Front : displaces ______: usually ______moving

▸ Cold Front : advances to are of ______: intensity of precipitation ______, but ______: usually approaches from ______

▸ Stationary Front : surface positions of the front ______: often a region of ______

▸ Occluded Front : ______front overtakes ______front : often found close to ______center

REVIEW 1. Winds in a low pressure system move _____ around the low.

2. What type of front can be found close to point D ?

3. Which of these fronts would you expect to have greater precipitation, but be short lived as the front passes?

4. Give the name of the air mass that would have the following characteristics: cool, moist, unstable

5. That important weather word that refers to the transfer of heat.

6. This causes air and water to be deflected to the right, north of the equator.

7. Which of the weather highways usually controls our weather?

8. Warm air holds ( more or less ) moisture than cold air?

9. If there is a big H on the weather map where you live, would you expect fair or stormy weather?

10. Generally, what happens to air near the equator and air near the poles?

Bonus: What is wind?

Clouds Cloud Formation • Rising Air • Lifted Condensation Level / Dew Point • Condensation Nuclei -Small droplets in the atmosphere around which cloud droplets can form • Clouds form from millions of droplets

Precipitation • Coalescence – ______• Precipitation – ______

SEVERE WEATHER A. Thunderstorms a. Can produce some of the most ______weather on Earth b. May have ______, ______, ______, thunder, rain and tornadoes c. Supercells = self-sustaining, ______storms with intense, ______updrafts d. Can last for ______with updrafts up to ______e. ______% of storms are considered severe f. Most air ______due to frontal zone lifting, causing ______leading to ______clouds with updrafts g. Severe thunderstorms occur when ______approaches ______B. Lightening a. Electricity caused by rapid rush of air into a ______cloud b. Friction between updrafts and downdrafts separate ______c. Positive atoms at the ______of the cloud d. Negative atoms at the ______of the cloud e. Transfer of energy in form of ______, ______, ______f. Lightening strike has about ______volts of energy g. ______times hotter than the sun C. Tornadoes a. A ______b. Wind speeds can reach ______c. Center of tornado is extreme ______which causes buildings to implode d. Tornado alley is from ______to ______e. Tornado Formation e.i. A change in ______and ______creates a horizontal rotation e.ii. Strong ______tilt the rotating air from horizontal to ______e.iii. A tornado forms within the rotating winds e.iv. Path unpredictable = storm chasers

e.v. Fugi Scale e.v.1. F0 = ______e.v.2. F1 = ______e.v.3. F3 = ______e.v.4. F4 = ______e.v.5. F5 = ______D. Hurricanes a. Cause most ______and loss of ______b. Wind speeds greater than ______at the center c. Begin over warm oceans of tropics d. Solar Insolation ( water temp over 80 F) provides energy for huge ______, cloud formation, and ______lifting e. Stages of hurricane formation e.i. Separate ______over tropical oceans e.ii. ______which causes them to pick up more ______and ______energy from ocean e.iii. Wind speeds of ______lead to Tropical Depression e.iv. Tropical Storms have lower pressure and higher wind speeds (______) f. Rainfall may exceed ______in ______g. Path can be watched and measured to predict path and when will arrive over land E. Other Weather Phenomenon a. ______b. ______c. ______d. ______e. ______