Fall 2015 Final Exam Review

FALL 2015 FINAL EXAM REVIEW

1) Spain’s dreams of an empire began to fade with the defeat of what?

2) England’s defeat of the Spanish Armada helped them ensure naval dominance of what?

3) What provided the financial means for England’s first permanent colonization in America?

4) How were the early years at Jamestown characterized?

5) Why did early Jamestown settlers continue to starve even though there was an abundance of fish and game?

6) How would you best describe Captain John Smith’s role at Jamestown?

7) What did Lord De La Warr impose when he took control of Jamestown in 1610?

8) Why was Maryland founded?

9) Where did the statutes governing slavery in North American originate?

10) Why was Georgia founded?

11) What is a conversion?

12) Why did King James oppose the Separatists who wanted to break away from the Church of England?

13) Why did Separatists migrate from Holland to the New World?

14) What was the Mayflower Compact?

15) What leader helped the Pilgrims survive?

16) Puritan doctrine included acceptance of a covenant with who?

17) What did Anne Hutchinson believe?

18) What did Rhode Island become known for?

19) The New England Indian’s only hope for resisting English encroachment lay in doing what?

20) How was Indian policy in Pennsylvania best described?

21) 2 – Why was the population growth in the Chesapeake region so slow?

22) 6 – What was the headright system? 23) 14 – What was Bacon’s Rebellion?

24) 16 – What impact did Bacon’s Rebellion have on the future of Virginia regarding labor?

25) 20 – What was the Middle Passage?

26) 22 – In what colony were the physical and social conditions of slavery the harshest?

27) 29 – Why did southern colonies allow married women to retain separate title to their property?

28) 34 – What did Thomas Jefferson say about the New England Town Meetings?

29) 35 – What was the Half-Way Covenant and what were the results of its creation (name several)?

30) 40 – What did the New England economy rely on since it couldn’t rely on farming?

31) 3- What was the average age of an American colonist in 1775?

32) 8 - What was the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America by 1775?

33) 10 - What percentage of all slaves in the colonies was held in the South?

34) 19 - What was the most honored profession and the least honored (and most haphazard) profession in America during the colonial period?

35) 23 - What was the Triangular Trade?

36) 28 - What trade partnership did the Molasses Act intend to end?

37) 39 - What was the Great Awakening, who were the New Lights and the Old Lights?

38) 43 - What was the first university that was free from denominational control?

39) 47 - What important decision was reached in the trial of John Peter Zenger?

40) 48 - Who was considered the first civilized American and what were his achievements during this time?

41) 2 - Who was the “father of New France” and what permanent settlement did he establish?

42) 8 - How did Americans respond to the Proclamation of 1763?

43) 11 - Why did the French want to control Louisiana (it has to do with the answer to question #12)? 44) 14 - What was the Treaty of Utrect and describe the relations that developed between England and its colonies for a generation afterwards?

45) 16 - Where was Louisbourg and how was it significant in 1748?

46) 25 - What did the “disjointed snake” cartoon mean?

47) 31 - What was the outcome of the Battle of Quebec in 1759?

48) 35 - What impact did the war have on the level of disunity, jealously, and suspicion that had divided the colonies?

49) 38 - What changed for interior Indian tribes after the Treaty of Paris that ended the Seven Years’ War?

50) 42 - What is meant by coureurs de bois and why are they important in New France?

51) 3 - In a broad sense America was a revolutionary force from when?

52) 8 - What is mercantilism?

53) 14 - How well enforced were the Navigation laws before 1763?

54) 19 - * Changed a little - What was the primary purpose of the Stamp Act, Sugar Act, and the Declaratory Act?

55) 23 - What does Virtual Representation mean?

56) 26 - Why did the colonists take the Townshend Acts less seriously?

57) 29 - What were the Committees of Correspondence & what leader of the Sons of Liberty organized it?

58) 34 - Why was the First Continental Congress called into session and what decisions did it reach?

59) 36 - List the advantages for the British at the beginning of the war.

60) 37 - List the advantages for the American colonists at the beginning of the war.

Ch. 8 61) 2 - What was perhaps the most important single action of the Second continental Congress in its early meetings?

62) 5 - Why did the colonial army lose the Battle of Bunker Hill?

63) 12 - Why did we write the Declaration of Independence? What was its main and secondary purpose?

64) 17 - Who wrote Common Sense and what were the major points advanced in the pamphlet? 65) 19 - What individual privately advocated for equality for women?

66) 23 - What 2 names were Americans who opposed independence called or labeled? And what 2 names were independence seeking colonials known as?

67) 33 - How did Washington help restore confidence in America’s military in late 1776 and early 1777?

68) 38 - What impact did the battle of Saratoga have on the American’s prospects for victory?

69) 40 - What help was given to America by its French allies & how important was the aid in winning the war?

70) 50 - Why did Britain agree to such generous terms in the peace treaty?

71) 7 -Which religious group founded the world’s first anti-slavery society?

72) 12 - Why didn’t the founding fathers abolish slavery?

73) 24 - What were the Articles of Confederation and what issue held up their ratification until near the end of the war?

74) 26 - What was a major strength of the Articles of Confederation?

75) 28 - What was the Northwest Ordinances most farsighted provision?

76) 34 - What did Shays’s Rebellion convince many Americans that we needed?

77) 38 - According to the founders, what was the ultimate guarantor of liberty and justice?

78) 40 - Which delegate made such major contributions at the convention that he is now known as “the Father of the Constitution?”

79) 45 - What was the Great Compromise?

80) 51 - What was the original stated purpose for convening the Constitutional Convention and how did the purpose quickly change?

Ch. 10

81) 1 - What were the Alien and Sedition Acts and what motivated their enactment?

82) 3 - What positions were held by Jefferson, Hamilton, John Jay, and Henry Knox in Washington’s first cabinet?

83) 5 - What was the purpose of the Bill of Rights? To protect who from what?

84) 12 - What were the specific ideas contained within Hamilton's financial program? 85) 17 - What was the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794?

86) 25 - What position did President Washington and the US government take when war broke out between Britain and France during the French Revolution and why?

87) 31 - What were the major provisions of Jay’s Treaty (1794) and what role did Hamilton play in limiting the success of Jay’s mission?

88) 35 - What two warnings were issued by Washington in his Farewell Address?

89) 38- What did the 11th and 12th Amendments say?

90) 43 - How fast was the US population growing at the time that Washington became the first President and where did most of them live?

Ch. 11

91) 3 - What scandalous charges were made by the Federalists against Thomas Jefferson in the 1800 election campaign?

92) 6 - Why did Jefferson refer to his election as the revolution of 1800 and in what important way was John Adams equally responsible for making the aftermath of the election a true revolution?

93) 12 - Which one of Hamilton’s five economic programs did Jefferson repeal and why did he NOT attack other programs such as the Bank of the US and the tariff?

94) 14 - The chief justice who carried out, more than any other federal official, the ideas of Alexander Hamilton concerning a powerful federal government was who ?

95) 19 - Why did Jefferson prefer maintaining a strong navy instead of maintaining a strong standing national army?

96) 25 - Why did Jefferson believe his Louisiana Purchase was unconstitutional?

97) 29 - What was the British policy of impressment and what motivated the policy?

98) 31 - What factors worked against the success of the Embargo Act?

99) 35 - Who were the “War hawks” and from what sections did they come?

100) 37 - Who was Tecumseh?

Ch. 12

101) 5 - How did the British handle our invasions and why was it so easy for them?

102) 8 -What did the British attack on Fort McHenry inspire?

103) 11 - What did the Battle of New Orleans unleash in the US (3)?

104) 16 - What happened to the Federalist Party in the aftermath of the Hartford Convention?

105) 19 - What was the Rush-Bagot agreement? 106) 24 - The Tariff of 1816 was the first in American history to do what?

107) 29 - What caused the Panic of 1819 and what effect did it have on the Era of Good Feelings?

108) 35 - What did the Missouri Compromise say?

109) 38 - Did John Marshall prefer a strict or loose construction of the Constitution in his rulings?

110) 48 - Could the US enforce the Monroe Doctrine at the time it was created and what else could it have been called?

Ch. 13

111) 1 - What two issues greatly raised the political stakes in the 1820s and 1830s?

112) 7 - What was the “corrupt bargain” (this should be a LONG answer to explain it all)?

113) 12 - What was the purpose behind the spoils system?

114) 18 - How did the state of South Carolina react to the Tariff of 1832?

115) 21 - What was the Force Bill and what action did South Carolina take regarding it?

116) 22 - Why did the Jackson administration support the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states?

117) 29 - Why did Andrew Jackson veto the recharter for the Bank of the US?

118) 30 - What was the Anti-Masonic party?

119) 41 - In which battle did the Texans win their independence and what country helped them?

120) 44 - How did the Whigs portray their presidential candidate in 1840? Why?

Ch. 14

121) 1 - What was life on the frontier like for most pioneer families?

122) 4 - Who was George Catlin and what did he advocate?

123) 9 - What was Ireland’s great export in the 1840s?

124) 12 - Why did Native-born Protestant Americans mainly distrust the Irish? 125) 14 - Why did the German immigrants come to the US?

126) 18 - Define Nativism.

127) 20 - Which section of the US was the site of most early railroad construction?

128) 26 - What were the inventions of: Samuel F.B. Morse; Cyrus Field, Cyrus McCormick, and Robert Fulton?

129) 31 - What was the “cult of domesticity?”

130) 39 - Who was the “Father of the Factory System” in the US?

Ch. 15

131) 3 - What was Deism and how is the belief different from the Judeo/Christian tradition?

132) 8 - Who was Charles Grandison Finney and what ideas did he advocate?

133) 14 - Who was the original prophet of the Latter Day Saints or Mormon church?

134) 25 - Who was Dorothea Dix and what was her reform movement?

135) 26 - According to the text, why was alcohol excessively consumed by Americans in the nineteenth century?

136) 34 - What major reform eclipsed the movement for women by the 1850s?

137) 38 - What was the key to Oneida’s financial success and why did they decline?

138) 43 - What was the Hudson River School most known for?

139) 45 - Where did Transcendentalists believe that all knowledge came from?

140) 47 - In “Civil Disobedience”, what was Henry David Thoreau protesting and how did he say one should protest an unjust law?

Ch. 16

141) 1 - What impact did the invention of the cotton gin have on slavery?

142) 6 - Why was plantation agriculture considered wasteful?

143) 16 - Who were the most pro-Union of the white southerners?

144) 20 - How did the slave population grow after 1808?

145) 22 - Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin?

146) 24 - What states made up the “black belt?” 147) 30 - Why were slaves denied an education?

148) 31 - What things did slaves use to fight against the system of slavery (3)?

149) 37 - Know what publication each of the following produced:

i. William Lloyd Garrison

ii. Theodore Dwight Weld

iii. David Walker

iv. Frederick Douglass

150) 40 - In what ways did proslavery whites defend the institution of slavery? (3)

Ch. 17

151) 1 - The earliest known (1845) use of the term Manifest Destiny was by whom?

152) 2 - Why did John Tyler become a Whig?

153) 9 - What was the Aroostook War and how was it resolved?

154) 11 - What was the Wilmot Proviso and why did it fail to be enacted?

155) 17 - What does Manifest Destiny mean?

156) 21 - What became the final, official northern boundary of the U.S to the Pacific Ocean?

157) 25 - How did President Polk first propose to acquire California, NM, and Utah, and how did Mexico respond?

158) 28 - Define “spot resolutions” and who introduced them?

159) 32 - What group of people most opposed to President Polk’s expansionist program?

160) 34 - What issue had prevented the US from annexing Texas prior to the British attempts to draw Texas into an alliance?

Ch. 18

161) 2 - Define Popular Sovereignty. 162) 8 - What event happened out west and denied the politicians the luxury of time to avoid the slavery issue during the early Taylor administration therefor, threatening to destroy the longstanding balance of free and slave states?

163) 16 - Who was Harriet Tubman and what was the Underground Railroad?

164) 19 - What was the more surprising element of Calhoun’s plan?

165) 27 - What was the most alarming provision of the Compromise of 1850?

166) 29 - What were the results of the Fugitive Slave Act (3)?

167) 33 - Who seized control of Nicaragua for the US during the 1850s?

168) 36 - What was the Ostend Manifesto and why was it foiled?

169) 41 - Why would a southern route for the transcontinental railroad seem like a smarter idea than a northern route?

170) 44 - What political party became the most “durable offspring” of the Kansas-Nebraska blunder?

Ch. 19

171) 3 - How was Harriet Beecher Stowe described by Lincoln?

172) 12 - The situation in Kansas in the mid-1850s indicated the impracticality of ______in the territories.

173) 17 - Why did the Republican Party lose the election of 1856?

174) 22 - For a majority of northerners, the most outrageous part of the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Dred Scott case was what?

175) 23 - Which Americans were most negatively affected by the Panic of 1857 and how did that fact affect the South’s confidence in the strength of its economy?

176) 27 - What was the Freeport Doctrine?

177) 29 - What did the South conclude about the North after John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry?

178) 33 - List the four parties, their presidential candidates, and each party’s position on the slavery issue in the 1860 presidential campaign.

179) 35 - What impact did the election of Abraham Lincoln have on South Carolina?

180) 39 - What were the points of the Crittenden Compromise and how did Lincoln feel about the compromise?

Ch. 20 181) 2 - President Lincoln’s decision on what to do about the situation at Fort Sumter can best described how?

182) 6 - What advantages did the Border States offer to the Union (at least 3)?

183) 9 - What action was taken by the Five Civilized Tribes during the Civil War – who did they support?

184) 13 - What were the South’s *(Confederacy) advantages at the beginning of the Civil War?

185) 20 - What was the North’s greatest strength?

186) 27 - Why did the South think the British would come to its aid?

187) 29 - What was the Alabama and how effective was it?

188) 31 - Who was Maximilian and which nation was violating the Monroe Doctrine by placing him in Mexico

189) 34 - How did the Confederate form of government affect the South’s war effort?

190) 38 - What all did Lincoln do to attempt to preserve the Union – especially his questionable actions? (3)

Ch. 21

191) 2 - What did Lincoln hope the Union would capture after a victory at Bull Run?

192) 10 - What was on of Lee’s key objectives in doing the answer to #9?

193) 14 - What impact did the Battle of Antietam have on Britain and France?

194) 17 - Who did the Emancipation proclamation actually free?

195) 23 - How did the Emancipation Proclamation impact African-American participation in the Civil War?

196) 30 - How was the Battle of Gettysburg significant in the war’s outcome?

197) 31 - What were the two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil?

198) 33 - Who came up with total warfare and what was the consequence of total warfare?

199) 39 - The capture of what two cities was probably critical to Lincoln’s reelection in 1864?

200) 43 - How was Lincoln’s assassination by John Wilkes Booth a catastrophe for the South?

Ch. 22 201) 1 - What was the fate of the defeated Confederate leaders?

202) 5 - After the conclusion of the Civil War – blacks began to travel for what reasons?

203) 9 - In what area was the greatest achievement of the Freedmen’s Bureau?

204) 14 - What was the Presidential Reconstruction plan developed by Lincoln?

205) 18 - What was the main purpose of the Black Codes?

206) 20 - How did the Northerners react to the Black Codes?

207) 24 - Summarize the 14th Amendment.

208) 31 - Why were feminist leaders disappointed with the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments?

209) 38 - What were the goals (3) of the Ku Klux Klan?

210) 42 - After assuming control over Reconstruction, how did the Radical Republicans work to achieve their second major goal – to impeach and remove President Johnson from office?