Appendix A. Adjusted Prevalence of Any 30-day Postoperative Complication(s) in Men by AUDIT- C Score

Any Post-op Age- and Smoking-adjusted Complication(s)? Prevalence*

No Yes % (95% CI) Total 8458 718 AUDIT- C Score 0 3,891 361 7.1 (6.2 8.2) 1 1,116 80 6.1 (4.8 7.6) 2 828 55 5.6 (4.2 7.3) 3 596 38 5.4 (3.9 7.4 ) 4 669 43 5.1 (3.7 6.9) 5 372 32 7.2 (5.1 10.2) 6 267 30 9.2 (6.4 13.0) 7 205 19 7.9 (5.0 12.3) 8 170 14 7.0 (4.1 11.7) 9 135 16 9.7 (5.9 15.6) 10 96 11 9.8 (5.4 17.1) 11 53 10 15.3 (8.3 26.7) 12 60 9 12.8 (6.7 23.2)

* Adjusted prevalence based on random effects logistic regression adjusted for age, smoking status, time from AUDIT-C to surgery and accounting for correlated data from the same facility. Appendix B. Characteristics of the Study Sample Across AUDIT-C Surgical Risk Group

AUDIT-C Surgical Risk Groups Non- drinkers Drinkers

Low-risk Moderate Risk High Risk Highest Risk AUDIT-C 0 AUDIT-C 1-4 AUDIT-C 5-8 AUDIT-C 9-10 AUDIT-C 11-12 TOTAL P (n = 4252) (n = 3425) (n = 1109) (n = 258) (n = 132) (n = 9176) Value ------N (%) ------Age <0.001 <50 236 (5.6) 314 (9.2) 112 (10.1) 21 (8.1) 12 (9.1) 695 (7.6) 50-59 1126 (26.5) 990 (28.9) 387 (34.9) 122 (47.3) 75 (56.8) 2700 (29.4) 60-69 1281 (30.1) 1021 (29.8) 380 (34.3) 87 (33.7) 34 (25.8) 2803 (30.6) ≥70 1609 (37.8) 1100 (32.1) 230 (20.7) 28 (10.9) 11 (8.3) 2978 (32.5) Race* 0.006 White (non-Hispanic) 3416 (80.3) 2859 (83.5) 884 (79.7) 209 (81.0) 110 (83.3) 7478 (81.5) Black (non-Hispanic) 374 (8.8) 242 (7.1) 96 (8.7) 21 (8.1) 8 (6.1) 741 (8.1) Hispanic 213 (5.0) 147 (4.3) 78 (7.0) 17 (6.6) 9 (6.8) 464 (5.1) Other 177 (4.2) 127 (3.7) 41 (3.7) 10 (3.9) 3 (2.3) 358 (3.9) Marital Status* <0.001 Married or Widowed 2853 (67.1) 2209 (64.5) 588 (53.0) 124 (48.1) 44 (33.3) 5818 (63.4) Divorced or Separated 1040 (24.5) 960 (28.0) 432 (39.0) 109 (42.3) 71 (53.8) 2612 (28.5) Never Married 269 (6.3) 205 (6.0) 74 (6.7) 20 (7.8) 15 (11.4) 583 (6.4) ≥ 50% service connected disability 974 (22.9) 688 (20.1) 207 (18.7) 49 (19.0) 20 (15.2) 1938 (21.1) 0.001 Deyo Co-morbidity Index (≥3) 669 (15.7) 438 (12.8) 135 (12.2) 40 (15.5) 26 (19.7) 1308 (14.3) <0.001 Emergency surgery 188 (4.4) 130 (3.8) 29 (2.6) 12 (4.7) 6 (4.6) 365 (4.0) 0.081 ASA† classification <0.001 1 31 (0.7) 59 (1.7) 25 (2.3) 5 (1.9) 0 (0.0) 120 (1.3) 2 1110 (26.1) 1146 (33.5) 404 (36.4) 91 (35.3) 41(31.1) 2792 (30.4) 3 2787 (65.6) 2033 (59.4) 636 (57.4) 151 (58.5) 87 (65.9) 5694 (62.1) 4-5 324 (7.6) 187 (5.5) 44 (4.0) 11 (4.3) 4 (3.0) 570 (6.2) Past-year Smoker 1135 (26.7) 958 (28.0) 481 (43.4) 149 (57.8) 91 (68.9) 2814 (30.7) <0.001 Type of surgery 0.011 Gastro-intestinal 1440 (33.9) 1140 (33.3) 350 (31.6) 90 (34.9) 39 (29.6) 3059 (33.3) Musculoskeletal 1327 (31.2) 1173 (34.3) 386 (34.8) 79 (30.6) 53 (40.2) 3018 (32.9) Cardiovascular or Thoracic 564 (13.3) 408 (11.9) 170 (15.3) 40 (15.5) 20 (15.2) 1202 (13.1) Genitourinary 736 (17.3) 554 (16.2) 157 (14.2) 36 (14.0) 13 (9.9) 1496 (16.3) Other‡ 185 (4.4) 150 (4.4) 46 (4.2) 13 (5.0) 7 (5.3) 401 (4.4)

* Numbers do not sum to column totals and percents do not total 100 due to missing values † ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists (defined in text) ‡ Other = Skin & soft tissue, hematologic/lymphatic, endocrine, and nervous system Appendix C. Raw Prevalence of Postoperative Complications Across AUDIT-C Surgical Risk Groups

AUDIT-C Surgical Risk Groups (AUDIT-C Score)

Non-drinkers Drinkers

Moderate High Highest Low Risk Risk Risk Risk (0) (1-4) (5-8) (9-10) (11-12) (n = 4,252) (n = 3,425) (n = 1,109) (n = 258) (n = 132) ------N (%) ------

Total postoperative complications 361 (8.5) 216 (6.3) 95 (8.6) 27 (10.5) 19 (14.4) Surgical field* 145 (3.4) 100 (2.9) 47 (4.2) 12 (4.7) 7 (5.3) Infectious other than SSI* 157 (3.7) 93 (2.7) 38 (3.4) 13 (5.0) 7 (5.3) Cardiopulmonary* 88 (2.1) 33 (1.0) 21 (1.9) 9 (3.5) 6 (4.6) Other* 91 (2.1) 41 (1.2) 18 (1.6) 8 (3.1) 2 (1.5) Postoperative delirium (administrative data) 175 (4.1) 117 (3.4) 55 (5.0) 9 (3.5) 5 (3.8)

* Subtypes do not sum to total complications because patients often had several types of complications