Propagation and Cultivation of Arctostaphylos in Relation to the Environment in Its Natural Habitat 291
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Conservation of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Exploring the Linkages Between Functional and Taxonomic Responses to Anthropogenic N Deposition
fungal ecology 4 (2011) 174e183 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Conservation of ectomycorrhizal fungi: exploring the linkages between functional and taxonomic responses to anthropogenic N deposition E.A. LILLESKOVa,*, E.A. HOBBIEb, T.R. HORTONc aUSDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Houghton, MI 49931, USA bComplex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03833, USA cState University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, 246 Illick Hall, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA article info abstract Article history: Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition alters ectomycorrhizal fungal communities, but the Received 12 April 2010 effect on functional diversity is not clear. In this review we explore whether fungi that Revision received 9 August 2010 respond differently to N deposition also differ in functional traits, including organic N use, Accepted 22 September 2010 hydrophobicity and exploration type (extent and pattern of extraradical hyphae). Corti- Available online 14 January 2011 narius, Tricholoma, Piloderma, and Suillus had the strongest evidence of consistent negative Corresponding editor: Anne Pringle effects of N deposition. Cortinarius, Tricholoma and Piloderma display consistent protein use and produce medium-distance fringe exploration types with hydrophobic mycorrhizas and Keywords: rhizomorphs. Genera that produce long-distance exploration types (mostly Boletales) and Conservation biology contact short-distance exploration types (e.g., Russulaceae, Thelephoraceae, some athe- Ectomycorrhizal fungi lioid genera) vary in sensitivity to N deposition. Members of Bankeraceae have declined in Exploration types Europe but their enzymatic activity and belowground occurrence are largely unknown. -
Arctostaphylos Hispidula, Gasquet Manzanita
Conservation Assessment for Gasquet Manzanita (Arctostaphylos hispidula) Within the State of Oregon Photo by Clint Emerson March 2010 U.S.D.A. Forest Service Region 6 and U.S.D.I. Bureau of Land Management Interagency Special Status and Sensitive Species Program Author CLINT EMERSON is a botanist, USDA Forest Service, Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest, Gold Beach and Powers Ranger District, Gold Beach, OR 97465 TABLE OF CONTENTS Disclaimer 3 Executive Summary 3 List of Tables and Figures 5 I. Introduction 6 A. Goal 6 B. Scope 6 C. Management Status 7 II. Classification and Description 8 A. Nomenclature and Taxonomy 8 B. Species Description 9 C. Regional Differences 9 D. Similar Species 10 III. Biology and Ecology 14 A. Life History and Reproductive Biology 14 B. Range, Distribution, and Abundance 16 C. Population Trends and Demography 19 D. Habitat 21 E. Ecological Considerations 25 IV. Conservation 26 A. Conservation Threats 26 B. Conservation Status 28 C. Known Management Approaches 32 D. Management Considerations 33 V. Research, Inventory, and Monitoring Opportunities 35 Definitions of Terms Used (Glossary) 39 Acknowledgements 41 References 42 Appendix A. Table of Known Sites in Oregon 45 2 Disclaimer This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile existing published and unpublished information for the rare vascular plant Gasquet manzanita (Arctostaphylos hispidula) as well as include observational field data gathered during the 2008 field season. This Assessment does not represent a management decision by the U.S. Forest Service (Region 6) or Oregon/Washington BLM. Although the best scientific information available was used and subject experts were consulted in preparation of this document, it is expected that new information will arise. -
Drought-Tolerant and Native Plants for Goleta and Santa Barbara County’S Mediterranean Climate
Drought-Tolerant and Native Plants for Goleta and Santa Barbara County’s Mediterranean Climate Drought tolerant plants for the Santa Barbara and Goleta area. In the 1500's California went through an 80 year drought. During the winter there were blizzards in Central California, the Salinas River froze solid where it flowed into the Monterey Bay. During the summer there was no humidity, no rain, and temperatures in the hundreds for many months. During one year in the 1840's there was no measurable rain in Santa Barbara. (The highest measured rainfall in an hour also was in Southern California, 11 inches in an hour) The same native plants that lived through that are still on the hillsides of California. California native plants that do not normally live in the creeks and ponds are very drought tolerant. The best way to find your plant is to check www.mynativeplants.com and do not water at all. But if you want a simple list of drought tolerant plants that can work for your garden here are some. Adenostoma fasciculatum, Chamise. Adenostoma sparsifolium, Red Shanks Agave deserti, Desert Agave Agave shawii, Coastal Agave Agave utahensis, Century Plant Antirrhinum multiflorum, Multiflowered Snapdragon Arctostaphylos La Panza, Grey Manzanita Arctostaphylos densiflora Sentinel Manzanita Arctostaphylos glandulosa adamsii, Laguna Manzanita. Arctostaphylos crustacea eastwoodiana, Harris Grade manzanita. Arctostaphylos glandulosa zacaensis, San Marcos Manzanita Arctostaphylos glauca, Big Berry Manzanita. Arctostaphylos glauca, Ramona Manzanita Arctostaphylos glauca-glandulosa, Weird Manzanita. 1 | Page Arctostaphylos pungens, Mexican Manzanita Arctostaphylos refugioensis Refugio Manzanita Aristida purpurea, Purple 3-awn Artemisia californica, California Sagebrush Artemisia douglasiana, Mugwort Artemisia ludoviciana, White Sagebrush Asclepias fascicularis, Narrowleaf Milkweed Astragalus trichopodus, Southern California Locoweed Atriplex lentiformis Breweri, Brewers Salt Bush. -
Arbutus Unedo L. (Strawberry Tree) Selection in Turkey Samanli Mountain Locations
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 5(15), pp. 3545-3551, 4 August, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR ISSN 1996-0875 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Arbutus unedo L. (Strawberry tree) selection in Turkey Samanli mountain locations M. Sulusoglu*, A. Cavusoglu and S. Erkal Kocaeli University, Arslanbey Agricultural Vocational School, TR41285 Kocaeli, Turkey. Accepted 19 May, 2011 Arbutus unedo L. enjoys a growing interest in the world as a result of common uses in the industrial, pharmaceutical and chemical fields. The bulk material comes from the natural populations because of the lack of selection and culture of this fruit. Natural populations are severely damaged due to deforestation, over-collecting and new construction on the coasts, so that the future of the species is in a danger. In this work, the pomological and chemical characteristics of 37 A. unedo L. types were evaluated in Samanli mountain locations between the years 2008 to 2010. The present research is very important because no studies had been made about A. unedo L. in this region before this one. The data were evaluated using the weighed-ranked method, with the highest score occurring for type UL1 (285 total scores). The fruit weights, soluble solid contents and titratable acid values ranged from 1.13 to 6.46 g; from 16.50 to 31.68% and from 0.48 to 1.24%, respectively. According to the results, fruit firmness of the types was between 0.79 and 4.32 N. In addition, a taste group rated the qualitative characteristics of the fruit. -
Ericaceae Root Associated Fungi Revealed by Culturing and Culture – Independent Molecular Methods
a Ericaceae root associated fungi revealed by culturing and culture – independent molecular methods. by Damian S. Bougoure BSc (Hons) Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences University of Western Sydney February 2006 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Although I am credited with writing this thesis there is a multitude of people that have contributed to its completion in ways other than hitting the letters on a keyboard and I would like to thank them here. Firstly I’d like to thank my supervisor, Professor John Cairney, whose knowledge and guidance was invaluable in steering me along the PhD path. The timing of John’s ‘motivational chats’ was uncanny and his patience particularly, during the writing stage, seemed limitless at times. I’d also like to thank the Australian government for granting me an Australian Postgraduate Award (APA) scholarship, Paul Worden from Macquarie University and the staff from the Millennium Institute at Westmead Hospital for performing DNA sequencing and the National Parks and Wildlife Service of New South Wales and Environmental Protection agency of Queensland for permission to collect the Ericaceae plants. Thankyou to Mary Gandini from James Cook University for showing me the path to a Rhododendron lochiae population through the thick North Queenland rainforest. Without her help and I’d still be pointing the GPS at the sky. Thankyou to the other people in the lab studying mycorrhizas including Catherine Hitchcock, Susan Chambers, Adrienne Williams and particularly Brigitte Bastias with whom I shared an office. Everyone mentioned was generally just as willing as I was to talk about matters other than mycorrhizas. -
Forest Habitat Associations of the Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrel: Implications for Fuels Management
Katharine R. Shick1, 709 N 7th St., Hamilton, Montana 59840 Dean E. Pearson2, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, Montana 59801 and Leonard F. Ruggiero, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, Montana 59801 Forest Habitat Associations of the Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel: Implications for Fuels Management Abstract Golden-mantled ground squirrels are commonly associated with high-elevation habitats near or above upper timberline. This species also occurs in fire-adapted, low-elevation forests that are targeted for forest health restoration (FHR) treatments intended to remove encroaching understory trees and thin overstory trees. Hence, the golden-mantled ground squirrel may be affected by FHR treatments, but little is known about its habitat associations within these forest types. We sampled mature western larch and ponderosa pine forests in western Montana to determine the macro- and microhabitat associations of this ground squirrel. At the macrohabitat scale, golden-mantled ground squirrels were absent from western larch stands which consistently had a denser understory. Because we did not detect golden-mantled ground squirrels within larch stands, it is unclear whether FHR treatments in this forest type would improve habitat conditions for these ground squirrels. In contrast, golden-mantled ground squirrels were common in ponderosa pine stands and favored more open conditions there. At the microhabitat scale within ponderosa pine stands, golden-mantled ground squirrels were captured at trap stations with fewer canopy trees, more rock cover, and less grass and forb cover compared to stations without captures. Thus, FHR treatments that open the understory of ponderosa pine stands while maintaining mature pines similar to historic conditions may increase golden-mantled ground squirrel populations. -
Arctostaphylos: the Winter Wonder by Lili Singer, Special Projects Coordinator
WINTER 2010 the Poppy Print Quarterly Newsletter of the Theodore Payne Foundation Arctostaphylos: The Winter Wonder by Lili Singer, Special Projects Coordinator f all the native plants in California, few are as glass or shaggy and ever-peeling. (Gardeners, take note: smooth- beloved or as essential as Arctostaphylos, also known bark species slough off old “skins” every year in late spring or as manzanita. This wild Californian is admired by summer, at the end of the growing season.) gardeners for its twisted boughs, elegant bark, dainty Arctostaphylos species fall into two major groups: plants that flowers and handsome foliage. Deep Arctostaphylos roots form a basal burl and stump-sprout after a fire, and those that do prevent erosion and stabilize slopes. Nectar-rich insect-laden not form a burl and die in the wake of fire. manzanita blossoms—borne late fall into spring—are a primary food source for resident hummingbirds and their fast-growing Small, urn-shaped honey-scented blossoms are borne in branch- young. Various wildlife feast on the tasty fruit. end clusters. Bees and hummers thrive on their contents. The Wintershiny, round red fruit or manzanita—Spanish for “little apple”— The genus Arctostaphylos belongs to the Ericaceae (heath O are savored by coyotes, foxes, bears, other mammals and quail. family) and is diverse, with species from chaparral, coastal and (The botanical name Arctostaphylos is derived from Greek words mountain environments. for bear and grape.) Humans use manzanita fruit for beverages, Though all “arctos” are evergreen with thick leathery foliage, jellies and ground meal, and both fruit and foliage have plant habits range from large and upright to low and spreading. -
Sebacina Sp. Is a Mycorrhizal Partner of Comarostaphylis Arbutoides (Ericaceae)
Mycol Progress DOI 10.1007/s11557-013-0956-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Sebacina sp. is a mycorrhizal partner of Comarostaphylis arbutoides (Ericaceae) K. Kühdorf & B. Münzenberger & D. Begerow & C. Karasch-Wittmann & J. Gómez-Laurito & R. F. Hüttl Received: 23 September 2013 /Revised: 18 December 2013 /Accepted: 26 December 2013 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract Sebacina (Sebacinales) forms ectomycorrhiza, together with Quercus costaricensis. Sebacina sp. was identi- arbutoid, ericoid, jungermannioid, cavendishioid and orchid fied after sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mycorrhiza with diverse plant species. The woody plant large subunit (LSU) rDNA regions, and their phylogenetic Comarostaphylis arbutoides (Ericaceae) forms arbutoid my- analyses. The morphotype Sebacina sp.-C. arbutoides was corrhiza with Leccinum monticola. However, further described morphologically and anatomically. morphotypes have hitherto not been described. C. arbutoides grows in tropical Central America at an elevation of 2,500– Keywords Arbutoid mycorrhiza . Anatomy . Morphology . 3,430 m a.s.l., where it is found as understory vegetation in ITS . LSU . Quercus costaricensis . Costa Rica forests or forms extensive thickets. It shares ectomycorrhizal fungi with Quercus species, thereby being a refuge for these fungi after forest clearance of the oaks. We collected arbutoid Introduction mycorrhizas of C. arbutoides from the Cerro de la Muerte (Cordillera de Talamanca) in Costa Rica, where it grows Members of the Sebacinaceae are species with exidioid basidia and hyphae without clamp connections (Weiß and K. Kühdorf (*) : B. Münzenberger Oberwinkler 2001), and were included within the Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Centre for Auriculariales by Bandoni (1984) as a group of wood- Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, decaying fungi. -
Presentation
The Ecology and Conservation of California's Maritime Chaparral Evolution and distribution of Archtostaphylos Tom Parker Maritime Chaparral No real definition has stabilized for maritime chaparral. There is Understanding Maritime a continuum of chaparral types distributed along the Chaparral Post-fire at Ft.Ord coast of California. Using Arctostaphylos as the road to and from confusion Summer fog is the one characteristic that links these chaparral types together. Pfeiffer Rock ? Origin within the Ericaceae • The Arbutoideae is a subfamily of the Ericaceae, a widespread and diverse family. The family itself dates beyond 100 MYBP, The recent Arctostaphylos (manzanitas) radiation in and some estimates California has resulted in a confusing group for most place it older. people. As a principal dominant of maritime chaparral, one question is where did all these manzanitas come from? One theory proposed relationships within the family based upon their fungal root mutualists, or mycorrhizae. Using Suggesting single origins for the various mycorrhizal molecular types within the family, the Arbutoideae comes out as sequence one of the oldest lineages. data, these relationships within the Ericaceae were confirmed. Elkhorn Slough Coastal Training Program Workshop January 17, 2003 1 The Ecology and Conservation of California's Maritime Chaparral Evolution and distribution of Archtostaphylos Tom Parker The subfamily Arbutoideae contains 6 What are the relationships among the genera within the Arbutoideae? genera. These genera are found in the northern hemisphere, with most species confined to North America. • Arbutus ~12 species • Arctostaphylos ~60-90 species • Arctous 2 species • Comarostaphylis ~16 species • Ornithostaphylos 1 species • Xylococcus 1 species Molecular sequences suggest Arbutus as the basal genus for the subfamily, and Arbutus Arctostaphylos as the most derived. -
Emergency Petition to List the San Francisco Manzanita (Arctostaphylos Franciscana) As an Endangered Species
EMERGENCY PETITION TO LIST THE SAN FRANCISCO MANZANITA (ARCTOSTAPHYLOS FRANCISCANA) AS AN ENDANGERED SPECIES Building a healthy and sustainable global community for people and the plants and animals that accompany us on Earth PETITIONER December 14, 2009 NOTICE OF PETITION Wild Equity Institute Contact: Brent Plater [email protected] 415-572-6989 Lead petitioner the Wild Equity Institute and co-petitioners the Center for Biological Diversity and the California Native Plant Society formally request that the Fish and Wildlife Service (“FWS”) list the Franciscan or San Francisco manzanita, Arctostaphylos franciscana, as an endangered species under the federal Endangered Species Act (“ESA”) on an emergency basis pursuant to 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b)(7) and 50 CFR § 424.20. If FWS does not find that the species deserves emergency protection, the Wild Equity Institute formally requests that A. franciscana be listed as an endangered species pursuant to the procedures specified at 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b)(3) and 50 C.F.R. § 424.14(b). The Wild Equity Institute formally requests that critical habitat for the species be designated concurrent with this listing. To the extent genetic studies indicate that the recently discovered Arctostaphylos individual in the Presidio near Doyle Drive in San Francisco, CA is a hybrid, the Wild Equity Institute petitions FWS to list the hybrid under FWS’ proposed policy on treatment of intercrosses and intercross progeny, 61 Fed. Reg. 4,710 (Feb. 7, 1996), on an emergency basis, in addition to petitioning to list A. franciscana. To the extent the individual discovered is determined to be a newly discovered species, the Wild Equity Institute petitions to list this previously unknown species on an emergency basis in addition to petitioning to list A. -
MANAGEMENT and SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES AP PLIED to PINE-OAK FOREST in DURANGO, MEXIC01 by Victor M
MANAGEMENT AND SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES AP PLIED TO PINE-OAK FOREST IN DURANGO, MEXIC01 by Victor M. Hernandez C., Francisco J. Hernandez, and Santiango S. Gonzales2 ' StudyAr~o Durango state is located in the northwest region of Mexico. It is surrounded by Chihuahua • state in the North and Northeast, Coahuila and Zacatecas in the East, Jalisco and Nayarit in the South, and Sinaloa in the West (lnegi~ 1988; Zavala, 1985). It has an area of 11,964,800 hectares. Half of Durango territory is located on the Sierra Madre Occidental with a 125 km width, 425 km length and mean altitude of 2500 m. The remaining area is· located on the altiplanicie (high plain) Mexicana. The lowest altitude record is regiStered at Tamazula, Durango, with 250 m and the highest record reaches 3,300 m at the Huehliento Mountain. According to the broad diversity in climatic and phys~ographic conditions throughout the state,·Durango is divided into four regions, each one with characteristic types of vegetation. These physiographic regions are: 1. The Quebradas Region - It is characterized by its tropical type of vegetation (deciduous tropical forest and semi-deciduous tropical forest). It is located on the west side of the Sierra Madre Occidental, in an altitude range from 27 to 500m; with a warm and subhumid climate and a summer rainy season. The annual mean precipitation is 1250 rom in this region (Zavala, Z. 1982, Gonzalez, S. 1985). 2. The Mountains or Central Region - It involves the highest elevations of the . Sierra Madre Occidental, and it is mainly covered by coniferous forest (pure pine forest, mixed pine-oak forest, and grassland-shrubs forest). -
Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi (L.) Spreng
Scientific Name: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Family: Ericaceae Common Names: bearberry, kinnikinnick, red bearberry, cowberry, manzanita, mealberry Fruit: Mealy (not juicy) drupe with dry, shell-like skin; 6 to 8 mm diameter, spherical, dull red. Seed: 5 to 6 seeds in a generally united round stone, individual 3.5 x 2 mm, sectioned, rough, porous, yellow brown. Habitat and Distribution Prefers rocky, open woodlands, dry, sandy hills and pine forest (Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center 2013). It is adapted to coarse and medium textured soils; has moderate carbonate tolerance and is highly drought tolerant. Can handle pH from 5.5 to 8.0, medium salinity and prefers intermediate shade (USDA NRCS n.d.). Seral Stage: Early, recovers well after fire (Crane 1991, Tannas 1997). Soils: Sandy and well-drained sites in woodlands and throughout the prairie, roadside, exposed rocks. Relatively low shade tolerance. Moderate acid tolerance. Tolerant to a wide range of soil textures. Common on coarse and well drained soils. Preference to gravely and sandy loams (Hardy BBT 1989). Arctostaphylos uva-ursi a. plant habit including flowering branch, leaves and roots b. arrangement of flowers in the inflorescence c. flower d. flower (cut away) e – g. seed. Plant Description Trailing evergreen perennial shrub 7.5 to 10 cm tall; forms mats with prostrate and rooting branches 50 to 100 cm long; alternate leaves, coriaceous, obovate to spatulate 1 to 2 cm long; 1 to 3 cm long drooping urn- shaped flowers nodding in a dense raceme (3 to 10); rhizomatous with nodal feeder roots that form in the second years (Moss 1983).