Unit 4 Chapter 5 + 6 Practice Test #3

1. Sensation is a process that produces A. neural impulses that represent experiences inside or outside the body. B. Highly subjective identifications and interpretations of sensory experiences. C. The integration and classification of sensory experiences. D. A coherent experience of the world.

2. “The JND between stimuli is a constant fraction of the intensity of the standard stimulus.: this is known as A. Signal detection theory B. A power function C. Weber’s constant D. Weber’s law

3. The conversion of light to neural impulses, this is the definition of A. The doctrine of specific nerve energies. B. Trichromatic theory C. The just noticeable difference. D. Transduction.

4. Some people compare the eye to a camera. Using this analogy, the lens ina camera would be comparable to the ______of the eye. A. Iris B. Retina C. Aqueous humor D. Cornera

5. The fovea is the location on the retina of the eye where A. The blind spot is located. B. Only rods can be found. C. Horizontal cells and amacrine cells are located. D. Vision is sharpest.

6. In a demonstration of the “blind spot,” a student is not aware of anything unusual. It is most likely that A. She has tested for the blind spot using her non-dominant eye. B. The brain has “filled in” the missing information. C. Your relative is over fifty years of age. D. Your relative is left-handed.

7. When we describe an object as green, blue, or red, we are responding most directly to its A. Brightness B. Saturation C. Complexity D. Hue

8. According to the Young-Helmholtz trichomatic theory of color vision, the normal human eye contains color receptors that produce all of the following primary sensations EXCEPT A. blue B. yellow C. red D. green

9. The pitch of sound is determined by its ______; the loudness of sound is determined by its ______. A. intensity; amplitude B. amplitude; frequency C. frequency; amplitude D. loudness; pitch

10. In order for you to hear, energy transformation has to take place in ______where sounds waves are first converted into fluid waves. A. Cochlea B. Basilar membrane C. Auditory cortex D. Pinna.

11. The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are A. Small bones in the middle ear. B. Structures on the basilar membrane. C. Fluid-filled chambers in the cochlea. D. Components of the tympanic membrane.

12. Pheromones are A. Chemicals found in the brains of some birds that enable them to detect gravitational fields. B. Chemical substances used by some species to communicate with each other. C. Medications given to people suffering from chronic pain. D. Special receptors on the bodies of some fish that enable them to detect distortions in electrical fields.

13. The basic taste qualities are A. simple, complex, and interactive B. temperature, texture, and chemical composition C. bland, spicy, rancid, and tart D. sweet, sour, bitter, saline, and unami

14. One student is a “supertaster” while another one is a “nontaster.” Who will feel more pain when they taste hot peppers? A. The nontaster, will feel the most pain B. The supertaster, will feel the most pain C. Both will experience similar levels of pain. D. It depends on who drinks the most water

15. Sensation is the: A. Transformation of sound and light into meaningful words and images. B. Reception and representation of stimulus energies by the nervous system. C. Organization and interpretation of environmental events. D. Detection of specific features of a stimulus.

16. According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to ______light are inhibited by exposure to ______light. A. red; yellow B. blue; green C. yellow; green D. red; green

17. Failure to realize how very hot the bath water really is after sitting in it for ten minutes best illustrates the process of sensory: A. Adaptation B. Accommodation C. Transduction D. Equilibrium

18. If two objects are assumed to be the same size, the object that casts the smaller retinal image is received to be: A. more coarsely textured B. less hazy C. more distant D. closer

19. The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called: A. Visual capture B. Overlap C. Perceptual set D. Proximity

20. According to the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory A. The retina contains three kinds of color receptors. B. Color vision depends on pairs of opposing retinal processes. C. The size of the difference threshold is proportional to the intensity of the stimulus. D. Certain nerve cells in the brain respond to specific features of a stimulus.

21. The Gestalt principles of proximity and continuity refer to ways in which we: A. Adapt to perceptual changes. B. Activate meaningful perceptual sets. C. Decompose whole objects into sensory stimuli. D. Organize stimuli into coherent groups.

22. Although textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of: A. Overlap. B. Size constancy. C. Linear perspective. D. Shape constancy.

23. During a hearing test, many sounds were presented at such a low level of intensity that one person could hardly ever detect them. These sounds were below the person’s: A. Subliminal threshold B. Absolute threshold C. Sensory adaptation threshold D. Difference threshold

24.Which theory suggests that the retina has three types of color receptors, each especially sensitive to one of three colors? A. frequency theory B. the Young-Helmholtz thrichromatic theory C. single detection theory D. place theory

25.The visual cliff is a laboratory device for testing ______in infants. A. size constancy B. visual acuity C. depth perception D. perceptual adaptation

26. Although several students in the classroom are talking loudly, Mike’s attention is focused only on what his girlfriend is saying. In this instance, the girlfriend’s voice is a: A. figure B. gestalt C. perceptual set D. perceptual adaptation

27. The process by which we select, organize, and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects and events is called: A. sensory adaptation B. parallel processing C. sensation D. perception

28, People may report that they hear their name being mentioned in a noisy room, even when they are engaged in their own conversation. This phenomenon is often called A. the phi phenomenon B. the cocktail party phenomenon C. goal-directed selection D. orientation constancy

29. In order to be able to use the information about depth that is supplied by the cues of binocular disparity and convergence, A. people must keep one eye closed. B. people must have two working eyes. C. the head must be moved slowly back and forth. D. objects must be farther than 10 feet away.

30. Which one is not true? People can see a candle flame at night at a distance of 30 miles, hear the tick of a watch at 20 feet, detect by tasting the presence of one teaspoon of sugar in 200 gallons of water, and smell whether one drop of perfume has been sprayed in an area equivalent to a three-room apartment, A. see the flame from a candle at a distance of 30 miles. B. Hear the tick of a watch at a distance of 20 feet. C. Taste the presence of the sugar in 200 gallons of water D. Smell the perfume in an area the size of a three-room apartment

31. Which item is out of place? A. Weber’s Law B. Difference threshold C. Absolute threshold D. JND

32. As light energy moves through the eye, the sequence is A. cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, vitreous humor, retina. B. Anterior chamber, pupil, cornea, vitreous humor, retina. C. Pupil, vitreous humor, cornea, anterior chamber, retina. D. Anterior chamber, cornea, pupil, retina, vitreous humor.

33. Rods operate best in ______; cones operate best in ______. A. near darkness; near darkness B. bright light; bright light C. bright light; near darkness D. near darkness; bright light

34. The axons of ______cells make up the optic nerve. A. ganglion B. bipolar C. horizontal D. amacrine

35. Which of the following terms does not belong with the others? A. frequency B. hue C. saturation D. brightness

36. The students are looking at a blank white screen, but when asked what they see, they respond that they see red, white, and blue American flag. They have previously been staring at a ______flag. A. green, black, and yellow B. blue, white and red C. red, orange and yellow D. blue, indigo, and violet

37. With respect to sound, amplitude A. measures the cycles completed in a given amount of time, B. is usually expressed in hertz (Hz) C. is the left-to-right distance from peak to pea D. is defined in units os sound pressure, or energy

38. What factor tells us how loud sounds are? A. the frequency of sine waves B. the pitch of the music C. the number of decibels D. whether harmonics are present in the music

39. In the ear, fluid waves in the ____ must stimulate mechanical vibrations of the ____. A. pinna; auditory cortex B. basilar membrane; cochlea C. auditory cortex; tympanic membrane D. cochlea; basilar membrane

40. The next step in the auditory process after the stirrup vibrates against the oval window is that? A. nerve impulses leave the cochlea B. fluid in the cochlea causes the basilar membrane to move C. the tympanic membrane begins to vibrate D. auditory signals pass through the cochlear nucleus of the brain stem.

41. the sense of taste is most strongly dependent on your ______sense. A. kinesthetic B. cutaneous C. olfactory D. vestibular

42. the kinesthetic receptors are located in the A. taste buds B. nose C. fluid-filled sacs and canals in the inner ear D. joints, muscles, and tendons

43. A classmate recently discovered that he is a supertaster. He has found out that A. men are more likely to be supertasters than women. B. Supertasters are likely to have fews pain receptors on their tongues C. Supertasters have more taste buds than nontasters D. It would be unlikely that other members of his family are also supertasters

44. the principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant percentage for their difference to be perceived is known as: A. the opponent-process theory B. Weber’s law C. Single detection theory D. The difference threshold.

45. Color vision is most adequately explained by: A. feature-detection theory B. opponent-process theory C. a combination of the feature-detection theory and opponent-process theories,’ D. a combination of the Young-Helmholtz (trichromatic and opponent- process theories)

46. The perception of an object is distinct from its surroundings is called: A. Perceptual set B. Perceptual grouping C. Figure-ground perception D. Closure

47. Shape constancy refers to our perception of an object as unchanging in shape regardless of changes in the: A. angle from which we view the object B. distance from which we view the object C. color or texture of the object D. extent to which our eyes converge inward when looking at the object

48. The nerve cells that respond to specific aspects of a visual stimulus, such as its shape or its movement, are: A. bipolar cells B. signal detectors C. rods and cones D. feature detectors

49 Evidence that certain cells are activated by visual exposure to a green light and inhibited by visual exposure to red light supports the ______theory. A. Young-Helmholtz B. Opponent-process C. Feature-detection D. Gate-control

50. Almost half the stones were grey and the rest were white, some people might perceive them as two distinct groups of rocks. This best illustrates the principle of: A. proximity B. closure C. similarity D. connectedness

51. Although a student sees her psychology professor several times each week, she had difficulty recognizing the professor when she walked past her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the effect of ______on perception. A. convergence B. context C. proximity D. closure

52. The blind spot is located in the area of the retina: A. called the fovea B. that contains rods but no cones C. where the optic nerve leaves the eye D. where bipolar cells connect with ganglion cells

53. Texture gradient provides a cue for the perceiving the ______of objects. A. distance B. shape C. color D. overlap

54.The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the rods and cones, is the: A. fovea B. optic nerve C. cornea D. retina

55. In the context of visual perception, convergence refers to the: A. tendency to perceive parallel lines as coming closer togerher in the distance B. current trend toward a combination of the theories supporting both the nature and the nurture positions C. extent to which the eyes turn toward each other when looking at an object D. tendency to see stimuli that are very near to each other as parts of a unified object

56. One on board are drawn two lies of the same length, one under the other, on the blackboard. Arrowlike angles that point outward are on one line and similar angles that point inward are on the other line. This is called the _____ illusion. A. Ebbinghaus B. Poggendorf C. Muller-lyer D. Top Hat

57. the law of _____ is NOT one of the principles of grouping suggested by the Gestalt psychologist. A, effect B. proximity C. Similarity D. Common fate

58. The Ponzo illusion is created as the result of the way the visual system interprets A. apparent motion B. binocular disparity C. converging lines D. texture gradients

59. A temporary readiness to perceive or react to a stimulus in a particular way is referred to as a(n) A. constraint B. goal C. set D. behavior

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