Organic Vs Inorganic Organic -The Molecule Contains Carbon
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Biochemistry Review Name ______Hr ____ This test will cover sections 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and 38.1. It is a good way to check your knowledge and see where you need to focus your studies. It is not all-inclusive; therefore, you should be sure to review your readings, labs, notes and quizzes. VOCABULARY
Organic vs Inorganic Organic -the molecule contains carbon Inorganic – the molecule does not contain carbon
Hydrolysis – breaking apart bonds (molecules) ex. Starch into simple sugars
Dehydration synthesis – putting together molecules ex. Simple sugars into starches
Types of carbohydrates – Starches and sugars Function of carbohydrates – bodies main source of energy
Types of Lipids – Saturated, unsaturated and trans fats Function of Lipids – used to store energy and make cell membranes
Types of Protein – Antibodies- which fight disease Hormones – chemical messengers Enzymes – speed up the rate of chemical reactions Function of Proteins – used to build and repair body parts
Types of Nucleic Acids – DNA and RNA
Catalyst – speeds up the rate of a reaction
Enzyme – type of protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Substrate – the molecule that is changed by the enzyme
Active site – where the enzyme and substrate join
1. What are the two types of digestion?
2. Where does digestion begin?
3. List the six nutrients your body needs.
4. How do you get the six nutrients your body needs?
5. What is the difference between an organic and inorganic compound?
6. Carbohydrates – a. Function:
b. Types:
c. Sources: Name______Hr ____ 7. Proteins – a. Function:
b. Types:
c. Sources:
8. Lipids – a. Function:
b. Types:
c. Sources:
9. What is the function of a vitamin?
10. What is the function of a mineral?
11. When looking at the ingredients on a food label (go to your lasagna activity) a. How do I know which ingredients is used the most? b. The least?
12. When looking at a food label you should see how many calories are available per gram of a. Fat b. Carbohydrate c. Protein
13. How much fat should someone on a 2,000 calorie diet consume each day?
14. Which type of macromolecules would contain a substance whose job is to help fight diseases? What is this substance called?
15. What is the process called that joins simple sugar + simple sugar to get a complex sugar? ______
16. An enzyme works to ______a chemical reaction. Enzymes belong to the circle one (lipid, carbohydrate or protein) class of macromolecules.
17. There are ______different amino acids.
18. Explain why we compare enzymes to locks and keys?
19. Carbohydrates and lipids both do what in our body?
20. In the testing of nutrients lab, what was the difference between the spot of vegetable oil on the paper towel when compared to the other tests?
21. Any chemical that acts as a messenger in the body is called a(n) ______.
22. What is the name of the process where starch is broken down into simple sugars? ______.
23. Which are healthiest choose one: saturated, unsaturated, trans fats? ______Name______Hr ____ 24. List the four macromolecules we tested in lab and a method to identify each. (Hint: there are two types of carbohydrates)
25. What is the difference between simple sugars and starches? Give an example of a food that contains each.
26. How are essential amino acids different from non-essential amino acids?
27. a. Write the equation for the enzyme lab.
Peroxide + ______ Water + ______
b. Describe two factors that may slow down enzyme activity.
c. What is a substrate?
In our class demonstration, we broke toothpicks in a given amount of time.
1. What did your hands represent?
2. What did the toothpicks represent?
3. What are two conditions that would cause the reaction between an enzyme and a substrate to slow down?
4. How do enzymes aide in the process of digesting foods?
Fill in the appropriate information for each box. Put an “X” in the boxes that apply. Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Which are organic? Long term energy storage and makes up the cell membrane Help with growth and repair of body parts Enzymes Fight disease; antibodies Insulation, padding Types include saturated and unsaturated Main energy source Chemical messengers; hormones
Starch Name______Hr ____ In our McMush lab:
A. To test for one of the nutrients, we had to heat up the solution. Which solution needs to be heated? ______and what color does the solution turn if that nutrient is present? ______
B. What nutrients did our McMush solution have in it? ______
C. Which ingredient would you expect to have the most sugars? ______
D. Which ingredient would you expect to have the most protein? ______
E. Which ingredient would you expect to have the most fats? ______
F. Which ingredient would you expect to have the most starch? ______
A student tested 3 food samples for sugar (Benedicts), starch (Lugol’s iodine) and protein (Buiret’s). The student followed the same procedures as you did during testing for nutrients and McMush & recorded the following results:
Benedict’s +Heat Food Sample Color Before Color After A Blue Orange B Blue Blue C Blue Blue
Lugol’s Iodine Food Sample Color Before Color After A Brown/Gold Black B Brown/Gold Brown/Gold C Brown/Gold Black
Biurets Food Sample Color Before Color After A Blue Blue B Blue Light Purple C Blue Light Purple
Choose All POSSIBLE ANSWERS A. Which food sample(s) tested positive for sugars? a. A b. B c. C d. None
B. Which food sample(s) tested positive for starches? a. A b. B c. C d. None
C. Which food sample(s) tested positive for proteins? a. A b. B c. C d. None
Look at the data tables above and decide which results show: D. Which food sample is French fries? a. A b. B c. C d. None
E. Which food sample is a hamburger? a. A b. B c. C d. None