The First Americans Section 16-1

Vocabulary

1. glaciers- ______

2. Mesoamerica-______

3. Olmec- ______

4. Teotihuacan- ______

5. Maya- ______

6. Toltec- ______

7. monopoly-______

8. Moche-______

9. Inca-______

10. Cuzko-______

11. Hohokam-______

12. Anasazi-______

13. Cahokia-______

NOTES: I. Pathway to the Americas A. Scientists believe Asian people crossed the ______land bridge to come to the Americas. B. During the Ice Age, water froze into glaciers, or huge sheets of ice. Some animals became extinct at the end of the Ice Age. C. ______in the Americas moved constantly to find food. They hunted large animals, fished, and ______nuts, fruits and roots. II. First American Civilizations

A. After the Ice Age ended, the climate warmed. People discovered they could grow crops for food. Farming began in a region called ______. It stretches from the Valley of Mexico to Costa Rica. B. Early Americans developed ______, or maize. Corn became the most important crop in the Americas. C. Farming allowed people to establish permanent settlements and develop more complex society. D. Around 1200 B.C., the Olmec built a large trading empire in present day Mexico. They used rivers to travel, and traded salt and beans for jewelry, obsidian, and other stones. E. Other groups took control of trade from the Olmec. One group built the city of ______. F. The ______built a civilization on the Yucatan Peninsula. Their civilization came to a ______end. G. The Toltec took the Mayan cities and conquered other lands. H. Aztec warriors copied Toltec ways and took control of the regions trade. When the Europeans arrived, the Aztec ruled about five million people. I. The ______people lived in the coastal desert of present day Peru. They dug canals to ______crops. J. The ______people lived in the Andes mountains in present day Peru. Their empire became the largest in the Americas.

III. Civilizations in North America

A. Native Americans learned to farm from the Mesoamericans. In what is the United States today, farming began in the southwest. B. The Hohokam people were the first to try farming in the Southwest. C. The ______people lived in apartments carved into cliffs, which were called pueblos. D. East of the Mississippi River, ______builders experimented with farming. E. The Mississippians emerged. They were known for ______- ______farming and large cities.