Key Issue 1: Why Do Services Cluster Downtown?
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1 Chapter 13 Urban Patterns Introducing: Urban Patterns (p.460)
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Key Issue 1: Why Do Services Cluster Downtown?
• CBD Land Uses
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• Public Services in the CBDs
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• Business Services in CBDs
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• Consumer Servies in CBDs
• Retailers with a High Threshold
• Retailers with a High Range
• Retailers Serving Downtown Workers
• Activities Excluded From CBDs
• Lack of Manufacturing in CBDs
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• Lack of Residents in CBDs
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• Competition for Land in the CBD
• 2 Chapter 13 Urban Patterns • Identify Food Deserts
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• The Underground CBD
• Skyscrapers
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Key Issue 2: Where Are People Distributed within Urban Areas?
• Models of Urban Structure
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• Concentric Zone and Figure
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• Sector Model and Figure
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• Sector Model (cont.)
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• Multiple Nuclei Model and Figure 3 Chapter 13 Urban Patterns •
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• Geographic Applications of the Models
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• Applying the concentric zone model
• Applying the sector model
• Applying the multiple nuclei model
• Market Segmentation: You Are Where You Live
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• Applying the Models Outside North America
• CBDs in Europe
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• Applying the Models in Europe
• Sectors in European Cities 4 Chapter 13 Urban Patterns •
• Concentric Zones in European Cities
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• Applying the Models in Developing Countries
• Sectors in Cities of Developing Countries
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• Concentric Zones in Cities of Developing Countries
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• Squatter settlements
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• Figure 13-18
• Stages of Cities in Developing Countries
• Precolonial Cities
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• Colonial Cities
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• Cities Since Independence 5 Chapter 13 Urban Patterns •
Key Issue 3: Why Are Urban Areas Expanding?
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• Suburban Expansion
• The Peripheral Model
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• Defining Urban Settlements
• Legal Definition of City
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• Urban Area
• urbanized area
• urban cluster
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• Metropolitan Statistical Area
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• micropolitan statistical areas
• core based statistical areas
• primary census statistical areas
• Overlapping Metropolitan Areas 6 Chapter 13 Urban Patterns •
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• Figure 13-28
• Local Government Fragmentation
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• Consolidations of city and county governments
• Federations
• Annexation
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• Density Gradient
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• Cost of Suburban Sprawl
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• smart growth
• Figure 13-32
• Segregation in the Suburbs
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• Segregated social classes
• Segregated land uses 7 Chapter 13 Urban Patterns • Residential Segregation
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• Suburbanization of Businesses
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• Suburbanization of Consumer Services
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• Figure 13-34
• Suburbanization of Business Services and Factories
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• Urban Transportation
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• Moter Vehicles
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• Controlling Vehicles
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• congestion charges
• tolls
• permits
• bans 8 Chapter 13 Urban Patterns •
• Public Transit
• Public Transit in the United States
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• Rapid Transit
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• Public Transit in Other Countries
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• Advantages of Public Transit
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• The Cars of the Future
• Diesel
• Hybrid
• Ethanol
• Full Electric
• Plug-In Hybrid
• Hydrogen Fuel Cell
• Regional Variations in Electricity
• 9 Chapter 13 Urban Patterns • Figure 13-41
Key Issue 4: Why Do Cities Face Challenges
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• Changing Urban Physical Geography
• The Process of Deterioration
• Filtering
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• Redlining
• Public Housing
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• Gentrification
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• Changing Urban Social Geography
• Underclass
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• Culture of Poverty
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• 10 Chapter 13 Urban Patterns • Suburban Stress
• Figure 13-45
• Figure 13-46
• Urban Economic Geography Challenges
• The Eroding Tax Base
• Reduce services
• Raise tax revenues
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• The Impact of the Recession
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• Figure 13-47
• Reviving Consumer Services in the CBD
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