CRS 4101 PLANT PATHOLOGY

2. Lecturer Dr. Patrick Okori PhD Plant Breeding and Genetics (Swedish University of Agricultural Science- Uppsala Sweden), MSc Crop Science Makerere University BSc Agriculture (Upper second Class Makerere University) Member of African Crop Science Society Member of International Society of Plant Pathology Senior Lecturer)

3. Course Type: CORE (B.Sc. Agric. IV)

4. COURSE STRUCTURE

The course is a 3 credit units (2 contact hours per week for 15 weeks of study) (3 CU i.e. 45 Contact Hours per semester )and 30 hours of practicals for 15 weeks of study (15 weeks (45 hours) i.e. 30 LH, 30 PH). All lectures will take place at the Faculty of Agriculture, Post graduate lecture room. All practical sessions will take place in the postgraduate computer lab or molecular laboratory as necessary

5. COURSE DESCRIPTION The course will introduce final year undergraduate BSc agriculture Crop Science Option students to concepts and principles of disease management and introduction to advances in plant pathology and crop protection in general. Areas to be covered include a recapitulation of major tropical plant pathogenic organisms and disease development (pathogenesis). Introduction to disease resistance mechanisms in plants, introduction to plant disease epidemiology, principles and strategies for designing and managing diseases and concepts of integrated disease management and advances in Plant pathology-molecular plant pathology (systemic acquired resistance, resistance genes, hypersensitive reaction, methodologies- genomics, transcriptomics and others as applied to plant pathology, molecular diagnostics.

6. COURSE OBJECTIVES

General objective / aim The general aim of this course is to equip students with knowledge and skills to develop and implement disease management strategies for crop plants cultivated in Uganda and Tropics

Specific objectives 1. To equip final year undergraduate BSc. Agriculture (Crop Science Option) students with knowledge for designing and implementing disease management strategies in for tropical crop plant diseases 2. To build capacity of final year undergraduate BSc. Agriculture (Crop Science Option) as scientists and practitioners with competencies on advances in Plant pathology and Crop Protection.

7. RECOMMENDED REFERENCES FOR READING 1. Agrios, G.N. 1997. Plant Pathology. 5th Edition. Academic Press, New York. 2. Dashek, W.V. Eds. Methods in Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. CRC Press Boca Raton, New York, USA. 3. Molecular Plant Pathology: Annual Reviews. Volume 4. Edited by Dickinson and Beyno n, J. Sheffield Academic Press USA: CRC Press UK. 4. American Phytopatholgical society- Online resources on various management strategi es: www.apsnet.org/online

8. COURSE CONTENT, METHODS OF INSTRUCTION, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED TOPIC CONTENT METHOD OF TOOLS / INSTRUCTION / EQUIPMENT Time allocated NEEDED 1. Recap of major  Review of major groupings of plant Interactive LCD Projector tropical disease pathogens Lecture (2 hrs) and and their i. Fungal and fungi like Screen, pathogens organisms BB/Chalk, ii. Viral, bacteria iii. Nematodes and other pathogens 2. Disease  Introduction to parasitism and Interactive and LCD Projector, development in various types of inter specific regular lecture (2 BB/Chalk plants relationships among plants and hrs) micro-organisms Various  Pathogenesis and disease 4 hrs on media Microbe development in plants (dicots and preparation and media monocots) culture of Microscope, Practical 1: Role of host substrate on microbes petri-dishes pathogen growth in artificial media. Media preparation 3. Plant resistance  Introduction to disease Lecture (2 hrs) LCD Projector, to infection resistance mechanisms in plants BB/Chalk.  Heritable resistance: 5 hrs on media Microscope,  Physiological resistance preparation and diseased mechanisms to infectious and non culture of materials infectious diseases microbes (Ascomycete) Microbe Practical 2: Role of host substrate on culture pathogen growth in artificial media- chambers Culture of microbe and ovens 4. Plant resistance  Physical resistance mechanisms to Lecture (2 hrs) LCD Projector, to infection infectious and non infectious BB/Chalk diseases Extra reading and take home Course book  Continuous assignment: on disease assignment Plant resistance in crop plants due after Pathology two weeks and online sources from open learning resources 5 Introduction to  Definition to plant disease Interactive LCD Projector, epidemiology epidemiology Lecture (2 hrs) BB/Chalk  Introduction to disease triangle;  Principles of crop loss assessment Course book Plant Course assessment test: to be Pathology done as part of continuous and online assessment sources from open learning resources 6 Introduction to  Plant Disease cycles and spread of Interactive LCD Projector, epidemiology diseases Lecture (2 hrs) BB/Chalk  Boom and burst cycle of plant diseases Course book Plant Pathology and online sources from open learning resources 7 Introduction to  Seminar administered via group Seminar and LCD Projector, Epidemiology work by students on interactive lecture BB/Chalk i. Role of environment in (2 hrs) development of disease Course book epidemics. Plant ii. Effects of pathogens in plant Pathology physiological functions. and online iii. Control of a new/emergent sources from crop disease in Uganda. open learning iv. Mechanisms of Plant resources resistance to infection. 8. Control of Plant  Principles and strategies for Interactive LCD Projector, diseases designing disease management Lecture (2 hrs) BB/Chalk. operations i. Shells of protection in disease Course book management Plant Methods that exclude pathogen; Pathology Methods that reduce initial inoculum and online sources from open learning resources 9. Control of Plant  Principles and strategies for Interactive LCD Projector, diseases designing disease management Lecture (2 hrs) BB/Chalk. operations i. Methods that reduce Course book efficiency of inoculum Plant ii. Methods that reduce rates of Pathology epidemics; Destructive and online control methods; Methods sources from that reduce initial inoculum open learning resources 10. Control of Plant  Alternative methodologies to Lecture (2 hrs) LCD Projector diseases. disease management and  Biological control strategies 5 hrs on field trip Screen,  Plant Quarantine to Namalere BB/Chalk,  Practical 3: Professional visit to Ministry of Agriculture Animal Transport 30 Industry and Fisheries, Plant seater Quarantine division -Students hand in field report as part of continuous assessment 11. Control of Plant  Cultural control methods Interactive LCD Projector diseases. i. Green house cultural control Lecture (2 hrs) and strategies Screen, ii. Field crops control strategies 5 hrs on field trip BB/Chalk, Practical 4: Professional visit to to Commercial commercial green house and field Horticultural and Transport 30 crops farms -Students hand in field Field crops seater report as part of continuous Stations assessment 12. Integrated  Concepts of integrated disease Interactive LCD Projector Disease management: Issues for developing Lecture (2 hrs) and management IDM Screen, (IDM)  Course assessment test: to be BB/Chalk, done as part of continuous assessment 13. Advances in  Introduction to molecular plant Interactive LCD Projector, plant protection. pathology Lecture (2 hrs) BB/Chalk, i. Concepts of systemic acquired resistance 6 hrs on field trip Course book ii. Major and minor resistant to Field crops Molecular genes Stations Plant iii. Hypertensive reactions Pathology Practical 5: Professional visit to and online commercial green house and field sources from crops farms -Students hand in field open learning report as part of continuous resources assessment Transport 30 seater 14. Advances in  Common tools- PCR, and ELISA as Interactive LCD Projector, plant protection. diagnostic tools Lecture (2 hrs) BB/Chalk,

Course book Molecular Plant Pathology and online sources 15. Advances in  Introduction to molecular Interactive BB/Chalk, plant protection. diagnostic tools Lecture (2 hrs) i. Polymerase chain reaction based PCR thermo approaches 5 hrs on lab to cycler, wet ii. Enzyme Linked Immuno- work lab assorbent assay (ELISA) equipment, Practical 6: Lab practical to introduce Elisa Reader, students to molecular diagnostic tools assortment of reagents

Course book Methods in Plant Biochemistry

5. SUMMARY OF TIME NEEDED

Interactive lectures and seminars covering theory 30 hrs Lab based practical 14 hrs Field visits 16 hrs

6. OVERALL COURSE EVALUATION Continuous Assessment Test 20%  At least 2 tests ( first after lecture 5 and second after lecture 12)  Marked out of 20 each Continuous Assessment (Assignments, practical, Field work) 20%  Take home assignment (After week 4 )  Practical reports cumulatively add up to 20 marks Final examination 60%