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Chapter 7 Energy from Food

7.1 Sunlight powers life How are autotrophs and heterotrophs different? Give examples of each.

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Describe how organisms release energy from food.

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7.2 Food stores chemical energy What are some types of energy? 1. 2. 3.

What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

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How do cells release chemical energy from food?

* What are some activities that use energy? How many calories are used per hour? Activity Kcal per hour

7.3 ATP provides energy for cellular work What is ATP? *

How is energy released from ATP?

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What are the three main types of cellular work? *

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7.4 Electrons Fall How is breathing related to cellular respiration?

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What are the products of cellular respiration?

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7.5 Cellular Respiration

CELLULAR RESPIRATION NOTES CHEMICAL PATHWAYS  What is cellular respiration?

 Write the chemical equation cellular respiration. Be sure to write the chemical formula and name of each of the reactants and products.  What would be the problem if cellular respiration occurred in just one step?

Label the diagram below.

═ Glycolysis  First step in cellular respiration.  Does not need oxygen to occur  Where does glycolysis take place in the cell?

 Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of ______is broken in half, producing two molecules of ______.

Label the diagram of glycolysis below.

 How does the cell get glycolysis going?

 What are the products of glycolysis?

 Why is there only a NET of 2 ATP molecules produced during glycolysis?

If oxygen is NOT present, glycolysis is followed by: Anaerobic Respiration / Fermentation  What is fermentation? o Fermentation is a process by which cells release energy in the ______of oxygen.

 Where does fermentation occur in the cell?

 Why is fermentation considered an anaerobic process? o ______is a process that does not require oxygen. o Fermentation does ______require oxygen.

 Two main types of fermentation: 1. ______2. ______1. Alcoholic Fermentation  What organisms use alcoholic fermentation? o Yeasts and other ______(bacteria) use alcoholic fermentation. o Waste products are ______and ______.

 What happens to the small amount of alcohol produced in alcoholic fermentation during the baking of bread?

 How does fermentation allow the production of ATP to continue? o NAD+ is looped to start the process over again.

2. Lactic Acid Fermentation Label the diagram of lactic acid fermentation below.

 Lactic acid is produced by your muscles during rapid exercise when not enough ______is present.  ______produce lactic acid as a waste produce which is used in production of foods: yogurt, cheese, sour cream, sauerkraut, etc.

If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by aerobic respiration:

CHEMICAL PATHWAYS (CONTINUED) THE KREBS CYCLE AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT  At the end of glycolysis, how much of the chemical energy in glucose is still unused?

 Because the final stages of cellular respiration require oxygen, they are said to be ______.

 Where do the reactions of the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain take place in the cell?

Krebs Cycle  Second stage of cellular respiration, in which ______is broken down into ______in a series of energy-extracting reactions. Electron Transport Chain  Where do the reactions of the electron transport chain take place in the cell? o

 The electron transport chain – o Series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP to ATP

Cellular Respiration and Energy

 In the presence of ______, the cell can produce ______ATP molecules per one ______molecule. Transfer of Energy to ATP  Where does the energy in food go?  When broken down, the energy gets stored in a molecule known as ______.  ATP delivers energy wherever it is needed in the cell. For example: o ATP drives muscle movement o Transport of molecules across the ______. o ATP drives ______.  How does ATP deliver energy to the cell? It is in its structure: o Is a nucleotide o Adenosine TriPhosphate o It is made of: . . . o When the third phosphate group of ATP is removed by hydrolysis, energy is ______. . ______= when a molecule is broken down by adding water.

ATP + H2O ADP + P + energy P is a phosphate

o ATP is constantly ______! LIGHT ENERGY

GLUCOSE

Produces ___ ATP

WITHOUT Oxygen WITH Oxygen

____ additional ATP is produced.

_____ additional ATP molecules are produced GLYCOLYSIS + GLYCOLYSIS + ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION AEROBIC RESPIRATION TOTAL = TOTAL =