<p>Name______Date______Period______</p><p>Chapter 7 Energy from Food </p><p>7.1 Sunlight powers life How are autotrophs and heterotrophs different? Give examples of each.</p><p>*</p><p>*</p><p>Describe how organisms release energy from food. </p><p>*</p><p>7.2 Food stores chemical energy What are some types of energy? 1. 2. 3.</p><p>What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?</p><p>*</p><p>*</p><p>How do cells release chemical energy from food?</p><p>* What are some activities that use energy? How many calories are used per hour? Activity Kcal per hour</p><p>7.3 ATP provides energy for cellular work What is ATP? *</p><p>How is energy released from ATP?</p><p>*</p><p>What are the three main types of cellular work? *</p><p>*</p><p>*</p><p>7.4 Electrons Fall How is breathing related to cellular respiration?</p><p>*</p><p>What are the products of cellular respiration?</p><p>*</p><p>7.5 Cellular Respiration </p><p>CELLULAR RESPIRATION NOTES CHEMICAL PATHWAYS  What is cellular respiration?</p><p> Write the chemical equation cellular respiration. Be sure to write the chemical formula and name of each of the reactants and products.  What would be the problem if cellular respiration occurred in just one step?</p><p>Label the diagram below.</p><p>═ Glycolysis  First step in cellular respiration.  Does not need oxygen to occur  Where does glycolysis take place in the cell?</p><p> Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of ______is broken in half, producing two molecules of ______.</p><p>Label the diagram of glycolysis below.</p><p> How does the cell get glycolysis going?</p><p> What are the products of glycolysis?</p><p> Why is there only a NET of 2 ATP molecules produced during glycolysis?</p><p>If oxygen is NOT present, glycolysis is followed by: Anaerobic Respiration / Fermentation  What is fermentation? o Fermentation is a process by which cells release energy in the ______of oxygen.</p><p> Where does fermentation occur in the cell?</p><p> Why is fermentation considered an anaerobic process? o ______is a process that does not require oxygen. o Fermentation does ______require oxygen.</p><p> Two main types of fermentation: 1. ______2. ______1. Alcoholic Fermentation  What organisms use alcoholic fermentation? o Yeasts and other ______(bacteria) use alcoholic fermentation. o Waste products are ______and ______.</p><p> What happens to the small amount of alcohol produced in alcoholic fermentation during the baking of bread?</p><p> How does fermentation allow the production of ATP to continue? o NAD+ is looped to start the process over again.</p><p>2. Lactic Acid Fermentation Label the diagram of lactic acid fermentation below.</p><p> Lactic acid is produced by your muscles during rapid exercise when not enough ______is present.  ______produce lactic acid as a waste produce which is used in production of foods: yogurt, cheese, sour cream, sauerkraut, etc.</p><p>If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by aerobic respiration:</p><p>CHEMICAL PATHWAYS (CONTINUED) THE KREBS CYCLE AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT  At the end of glycolysis, how much of the chemical energy in glucose is still unused?</p><p> Because the final stages of cellular respiration require oxygen, they are said to be ______.</p><p> Where do the reactions of the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain take place in the cell?</p><p>Krebs Cycle  Second stage of cellular respiration, in which ______is broken down into ______in a series of energy-extracting reactions. Electron Transport Chain  Where do the reactions of the electron transport chain take place in the cell? o</p><p> The electron transport chain – o Series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP to ATP</p><p>Cellular Respiration and Energy </p><p> In the presence of ______, the cell can produce ______ATP molecules per one ______molecule. Transfer of Energy to ATP  Where does the energy in food go?  When broken down, the energy gets stored in a molecule known as ______.  ATP delivers energy wherever it is needed in the cell. For example: o ATP drives muscle movement o Transport of molecules across the ______. o ATP drives ______.  How does ATP deliver energy to the cell? It is in its structure: o Is a nucleotide o Adenosine TriPhosphate o It is made of: . . . o When the third phosphate group of ATP is removed by hydrolysis, energy is ______. . ______= when a molecule is broken down by adding water.</p><p>ATP + H2O ADP + P + energy P is a phosphate</p><p> o ATP is constantly ______! LIGHT ENERGY</p><p>GLUCOSE</p><p>Produces ___ ATP</p><p>WITHOUT Oxygen WITH Oxygen</p><p>____ additional ATP is produced.</p><p>_____ additional ATP molecules are produced GLYCOLYSIS + GLYCOLYSIS + ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION AEROBIC RESPIRATION TOTAL = TOTAL = </p>