Extreme Weather Study Guide

Name ______Date ______Period _____ Extreme Weather Study Guide

1. What is the atmosphere?

Layer of gas that surrounds Earth

2. What happens to density, air pressure and mass as you move up in the atmosphere?

They all decrease

3. Why is the Ozone important and what layer is it contained in?

It protects from ultraviolet radiation Contained in the Stratosphere

4. Describe Radiation, Conduction and Convection.

Radiation is energy in the atmosphere that warms Earths surface Conduction is energy that causes one object to heat another, much like Earths surface heating the air Convection is the movement of a gas or a liquid, seen in boiling water or when the air in the atmosphere is heated and then cooled as it rises

5. Describe each of the layers of the atmosphere.

Troposphere – Closest to Earth, contains planes and weather, thunderstorms Stratosphere – Second Layer contains the ozone layer Mesosphere – Contains Meteors, third Layer Thermosphere- Farthest from Earth contains space and satellites

6. What is air pressure and how do we measure it?

Molecules moving or pushing on an area, measured by a barometer

7. How do we define weather and climate?

Weather is a short-term description of a given area and is the condition of Earths atmosphere at a particular time and place, snow, rain, hurricanes Climate is a long-term description of a given area

8. How do wind and air pressure move?

From areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

9. What is caused by differences in air pressure due to unequal heating of the atmosphere? What is caused by earth’s rotation?

Wind; Coriolis effect

10. How do you define humidity?

The amount of water vapor in the air

11. Describe the Carbon, Nitrogen and Water Cycles and what they cycle.

Carbon Cycle is the exchange of carbon and oxygen between plants and animals Nitrogen Cycle is the exchange of nitrogen between small organisms, plants and decaying matter Water cycle is the movement of water on Earth

12. Name the three types of fronts and describe how it is unique.

Cold – Cold Air pushing against warm air Warm – Warm air pushing on cold air Stationary – Two fronts pushing against each other

13. Describe the 6 climates. Which Climate do we live in? The six climates that can be found in North America are Polar – below 10 degrees, Little precipitation, normally snow, long winters, Greenland Severe – above 10 degrees in the summer, at least one month below -3 degrees, precipitation varies, North Region – Michigan Highland – summer and winters between -18 and 10 degrees, precipitation varies but normally snow, found in mountains, Utah and Idaho Mild – Greater then 10 degrees in summer, can be -3 degrees in winter, moist and rainy, in the south like Florida and Louisiana Dry – summer and winter have hot days and cool nights, very little rain, desert areas, Arizona Tropical – summer and winter temps are above 18 degrees Celsius, more than 150 cm of rain per year, hot year round, Florida. The climate that we live in here in Arizona is the Dry climate.

Tornado – A violently rotating column of air stretching from cloud to ground

Hurricane – A tropical low pressure system that has winds of up to 120km per hour

Blizzard – A blinding snow storm of winds at least 56 km

Monsoon – Winds that change direction with the seasons

Snow- Ice crystals that merge in the clouds

Hail- Layered lumps of or balls of ice that fall from cumulus clouds

Sleet – Small pellets of ice that forms when rain passes through a layer of cold air

Rain – Water droplets or ice crystals that melt as they fall to earth

Cirrus - wispy clouds, curl of hair

Cumulus- Puffy white clouds, heap or pile

Stratus – Flat layered clouds Fog- clouds that rest on earths surface or over water. The ground is colder then the air

REVIEW : Be able to define and recognize a hypothesis, observation, independent variable, dependent variable, control, salintity and energy Hypothesis – If_then statement, Educated guess Observation – To watch something, Qualitative and Quantitative IV – Variable changed by the scientist DV – Variable Measured Control – Variable that stays constant Salinity – The amount of salt in water Energy – The ability to do work or create change

What are some safety rules for working in the lab? – Dress appropriately, tie hair back, no running/eating/drinking

What tool would you use to measure the volume of a liquid, the mass of an object and the distance between two places? Volume – Graduated cylinder Mass- triple beam balance Distance – Meter stick

What are the steps in the scientific method? Observation, Experiment, Gather Data, Conclusion

Identify examples of nonrenewable and renewable energy sources that produce electricity.

What are the 3 types of stored energy? What are the 5 types of Kinetic energy? Stored – Chemical, gravitational, nuclear Kinetic – Motion, Heat, Sound, light, electric

What are the steps of the water cycle? Precipitation, Condensation, Evaporation

What percent of Earth is covered in water? How much is fresh? Where is 97% of water found?

71%, 3% Oceans