Chapter 11, Section 1: War in Ancient Greece (Pp. 328-333)

Chapter 11, Section 1: War in Ancient Greece (pp. 328-333)

KEY IDEAS

 Greek city-states cooperated to defeat a threat from the mighty Persian Empire.

 After the Persian Wars, Athens became the dominant Greek city-state.

 Rivalry between Athens and Sparta led to a series of wars that weakened all of Greece.

THE PERSIAN WARS

1. Which Greek city-states did Persia conquer in the mid-500s BCE?

The Ionian city-states

2. What caused Darius to try to conquer Greece in 490 BCE?

He was enraged that Athens had burned Sardis in support of rebelling Ionian city-states.

3. How did the Greeks win the first Persian War? (2) What was this battle called?

They took the Persian army by surprise the day after the Persians landed in Greece.

The phalanx gave them a military edge. The battle was the Battle of Marathon.

4. What advantages did the Persians have at the start of the Second Persian War? (2)

They had a huge army and the use of the Phoenician navy.

5. Where did the Persians go after their victory at Thermopylae? What did they do there?

To Athens. They burned it to the ground.

6. What was Themistocles’ trap? What was the battle called?

He hid his ships, attacking only after the Persian navy was inside the Strait of Salamis.

This was the Battle of Salamis. ATHENS RIVALS SPARTA

1. How did the Delian League get its name?

They met on the island of Delos.

2. What did the league members promise each other? (3)

To protect one another from Persia; to provide ships and to provide money for defense.

3. What evidence supports the idea that the allies of the Delian league were not all equal?

a. Athens forced some city-states to join and blocked others from leaving.

b. Athens moved the league’s treasury to Athens.

c. Athens used league funds to help build their navy and the Parthenon.

4. Why did Sparta form the Peloponnesian League?

Sparta wanted to balance or neutralize the growing power of Athens and of its

government.

THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR

1. Why do you think the Peloponnesian War lasted so long? (2)

The sides were evenly matched and unwilling to compromise or make a settlement.

2. What effect do you think the siege followed by the plague had on the Athenians?

It probably left them feeling defeated. They were weakened. They were unable to

move food into Athens.

3. Why do you think Persia gave money to Sparta for a new navy?

They wanted Sparta to defeat their old enemy Athens once and for all.