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1 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL SECTION

2 APPENDIX A

3 LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS TO PREDICT BIOGEOGRAPHIC SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS IN

4 BIVALVES

5

6 Montalto1,2*, V., Rinaldi1,2, A. and Sarà1, G.

7 1Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, Università di

8 Palermo, Palermo, Italy

9 2IAMC CNR – Via da Verrazzano, Castellammare del Golfo (TP), Italy

10

11*Address for correspondence: 12email: [email protected] 13

1 1 2 14 APPENDIX A

15

16 Brachidontes pharaonis: literature or personal communications reporting presence or absence of the species throughout the study area;

17 Sector = subdivisions of Mediterranean Sea; Location = site within each sector; Occ = occurrence; Aut = author(s); Year = year of

18 publication; Title = publication reporting species’ presence/absence; Journal = Reference journal

Oc Sector Location Autr Year Title Journal c Northern Adria Ravenna na no record - - -

Northern Adria Trieste na no record - - -

Northern Adria Venezia Y G. Sarà pers. com. 2009

Central Adria Ancona na no record - - -

Southern Adria Bari Y G. Sarà pers. com. 2010 Arcidiacono & Di Ionian Augusta Y 1976 Studio biometrico di alcuni campioni di Brachidontes variabilis (Krauss) Conchiglie, 12, 61-74 Geronimo Ionian Catania Y G. Sarà pers. com. 2011

Ionian Crotone Y G. Sarà pers. com. 2011

Poster, 40° Congresso della Societá Ionian Messina N Cosentino et al. 2009 The CSI of the Faro Coastal lake (Messina): A natural observatory for the incoming of marine alien species Italiana di Biologia Marina

Ionian Taranto Y Crocetta et al. 2009 New distributional and ecological data of some marine alien molluscs along the southern Italian coasts Marine Biodiversity Records, 2, e23 Northern Genova na no record - - - Tyrrhenian Northern Livorno na no record - - - Tyrrhenian Middle Civitavecchia na no record - - - Tyrrhenian Middle Napoli Y Crocetta et al. 2009 New distributional and ecological data of some marine alien molluscs along the southern Italian coasts Marine Biodiversity Records,2, e23 Tyrrhenian Middle Palinuro na no record - - - Tyrrhenian Middle Porto Torres na no record - - - Tyrrhenian Middle Salerno na no record - - - Tyrrhenian Southern Cagliari na no record - - - Tyrrhenian Southern Population structure of Brachidontes pharaonis (P. Fisher, 1870) (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, and evolution of a novel mtDNA Palermo Y Terranova et al. 2006 Marine Biology, 150, 89-101 Tyrrhenian polymorphism Southern Bachelor’s degree, Università di Palermo Y Rinaldi 2006 Methodologies for studying benthic organism of hard substrata in the Gulf of Palermo Tyrrhenian Palermo

3 2 4 Southern Stagnone di The new lessepsian entry Brachidontes pharaonis (Fischer P., 1870) (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) in the western Mediterranean: a physiological analysis Journal of Shellfish Research, 19, Y Sarà et al. 2000 Tyrrhenian Marsala under varying natural conditions 967-977 Southern Stagnone di Y Sarà et al. 2006 A new Lessepsian species in the western Mediterranean (Brachidontes pharaonis Bivalvia: Mytilidae): density, resource allocation and biomass Marine Biodiversity Records, 1, e8 Tyrrhenian Marsala Southern Stagnone di Y Palmeri 2011 Ecological responses by marine filter feeders as a function of variability scales induced by anthropogenic pressures PhD Dissertation, Università di Tyrrhenian Marsala Palermo Sicily Strait Lampedusa N G. Sarà pers. com. 2009

Sicily Strait P. Empedocle N G. Sarà pers. com. 2009 19

5 3 6 20 Mytilus galloprovincialis: literature or personal communications reporting presence or absence of the species throughout the study area;

21 Sector = subdivisions of Mediterranean Sea; Location = site within each sector; Occ = occurrence; Aut = author(s); Year = year of

22 publication; Title = publication reporting species’ presence/absence; Journal = Reference journal

O Sector Location Aut Year Title Journal cc Northern Ravenna Y Ponti et al. 1998 Environmental characterisation and macrobenthic communities of the north Adriatic "Paguro" wreck Adria Northern Relini & 10th International Congress on Marine Corrosion and Fouling, Ravenna Y 1999 Macrofouling Role of Mussels in Italian Seas: A Short Review Adria Montanari University of Melbourne Northern Ravenna Y Relini et al. 1998 The macrofouling on offshore platforms at Ravenna International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 41, 41-55 Adria Northern Ravenna Y Santin & Willis 2007 Direct versus indirect effects of wave exposure as a structuring force on temperate cryptobenthic Wsh assemblages Marine Biology, 151, 1683-1694 Adria Northern Bacchiocchi & Ravenna Y 2003 Distribution and dynamics of epibiota on hard structures for coastal protection Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 56, 1157-1166 Adria Airoldi Northern Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Ravenna Y Pagliarani et al. 1996 Na+ - dependent ATPase activities in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Scapharca inaequinalvis from the northern Adriatic Sea Adria Integrative Physiology, 126, S1-S163 Northern Ravenna Y Riccardi et al. 2009 Gonyaulax spinifera from the Adriatic sea: Toxin production and phylogenetic analysis Harmful Algae, 8, 279–290 Adria Northern Ceccherelli & Ravenna Y 1983 Growth, survival and yield of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamk. on fixed suspended culture in a bay of the Po River Delta Aquaculture, 34, 101-114 Adria Barboni Northern Ravenna Y Lamberti et al. 2005 European experience of low crested structures for coastal management Costal Engineering, 52, 841-866 Adria Northern Ravenna Y Zanuttigh et al. 2005 Environmental design of coastal defence in Lido di Dante, Italy Costal Engineering, 52, 1089-1125 Adria Northern Ravenna Y Donnini et al. 2007 A biological and geochemical integrated approach to assess the environmental quality of a coastal lagoon (Ravenna, Italy) Environment International, 33, 919-928 Adria Northern Fabbri & Ravenna Y 2006 Adenylyl cyclase activity and its modulation in the gills of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to Cr6+ and Cu2+ Aquatic Toxicology, 76, 59-68 Adria Capuzzo Northern Ravenna Y Fabbri et al. 2006 Bioaccumulation of cyclopenta[cd]pyrene and benzo[ghi]fluoranthene by mussels transplanted in a coastal lagoon Chemosphere, 64, 1083-1092 Adria Northern Franzellitti & Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 336, 1157- Ravenna Y 2005 Differential HSP70 gene expression in the Mediterranean mussel exposed to various stressors Adria Fabbri 63 Northern Franzellitti & Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 351, 719- Ravenna Y 2006 Cytoprotective responses in the Mediterranean mussel exposed to Hg2+ and CH3Hg+ Adria Fabbri 725 Northern Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology Ravenna Y Franzellitti et al. 2010 Exposure of mussels to a polluted environment: Insights into the stress syndrome development Adria &Pharmacology, 152, 24-33 Northern ASP, DSP, NSP and PSP monitoring in ‘mucilaginous aggregates’ and in mussels in a coastal area of the Northern Adriatic Sea facing Ravenna Y Viviani et al. 1997 Science of the Total Environment, 165, 203-211 Adria Emilia-Romagna in 1988, 1989 and 1991 Northern Ravenna Y Poletti 1998 Monitoring activities on marine toxic algae in the Adriatic Sea Rapporti ISTISAN, pp.62-73 Adria Northern Soluble and membrane-bound acetylcholinesterases in Mytilus galloprovincialis (Pelecypoda: Filibranchia) from the northern Adriatic Ravenna Y Talesa et al. 2001 Chemico-Biological Interactions, 134, 151-66 Adria sea Northern Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Ravenna Y Ventrella et al. 2000 Relationship between adaptive molecular responses and environmental factors Adria Integrative Physiology, 126, S1-S163 Northern Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part B: Biochemistry & Ravenna Y Ventrella et al. 2008 Effect of temporal and geographical factors on fatty acid composition of M. galloprovincialis from the Adriatic sea Adria Molecular Biology, 149, 241-250 Northern Ravenna Y Airoldi et al. 2005 Impact of recreational harvesting on assemblages in artificial rocky habitats Marine Ecology Progress Series, 299, 55-66 Adria Northern Ravenna Y Draisci et al. 1999 High levels of yessotoxin in mussels and presence of yessotoxin and homoyessotoxin in dinoflagellates of the Adriatic Sea Toxicon, 37, 1187-93 Adria Northern Ravenna Y Crisetig et al. 1984 Toxic metals in mussels from the Northern and Middle Adriatic Archivio Veterinario Italiano, 35, 10-16 Adria Northern Trieste Y Adami et al. 2002 Levels of cadmium and zinc in hepatopancreas of reared Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Gulf of Trieste (Italy) Chemosphere, 48, 671-677 Adria 7 4 8 Northern Recognition of a 31,000 molecular weigth protein synthesized by the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. during Dinophysis spp. Trieste Y Bonivento et al. 1996 Toxicon, 35, 1347-50 Adria algal bloom in the gulf of Trieste (upper Adriatic Sea) Northern Trieste Y Crisetig et al. 1984 Toxic metals in mussels from the Northern and Middle Adriatic Archivio Veterinario Italiano, 35, 10-16 Adria Northern Trieste Y Fravetto et al. 1989 Principal component analysis: a chemometric aid for classification of polluted and unpolluted mussels Analytica Chimica Acta, 220, 135-144 Adria Northern Trieste Y Fravetto et al. 1997 Terrigenous debris and mussel pollution - a differentiation based on trace element concentration by means of multivariate analysis Analytica Chimica Acta, 344, 251-259 Adria Northern Trieste Y Furlani et al. 2011 Notches in the Northern Adriatic Sea: Genesis and development Quaternary Ionternational, 232, 158-168 Adria Northern Trieste Y Gerdol et al. 2012 Big defensins and mytimacins, new AMP families of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 36, 390-399 Adria Northern Blooms of the potentially toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha Lundholm, Moestrup & Hasle in coastal waters of the northern Trieste Y Maric et al. 2011 Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 92, 323-331 Adria Adriatic Sea (Croatia) Northern Orlando-Bonaca Trieste Y 2012 Development of a new index for the assessment of hydromorphological alterations of the Mediterranean rocky shore Ecological Indicators, 12, 26-36 Adria et al. Northern Trieste Y Sawyer et al. 2009 Predator–prey interactions from in situ time-lapse observations of a sublittoral mussel bed in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 371, 10-19 Adria Northern Solis-Weiss et Trieste Y 2004 Effects of industrial and urban pollution on the benthic macrofauna in the Bay of Muggia (industrial port of Trieste, Italy) Science of the Total Environment, 328, 247-263 Adria al. 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A study in a coastal area of the Northwestern Adriatic Venezia Y Cornello et al. 2005 Science of the Total Environment, 353, 329-339 Adria Sea Northern Cellular alterations in Mytilus galloprovincialis (LMK) and Tapes philippinarum (Adams and Reeve, 1850) as biomarkers of Venezia Y Da Ros & Nesto 2005 Environment International, 31, 1078-88 Adria environmental stress: Field studies in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy) Northern Biomarkers and trace metals in the digestive gland of indigenous and transplanted mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, in Venice Lagoon, Venezia Y Da Ros et al. 2000 Marine Environmental research, 50, 417-423 Adria Italy Northern Field application of lysosomal destabilisation indices in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: biomonitoring and transplantation in the Venezia Y Da Ros et al. 2002 Marine Environmental research, 54, 817-822 Adria Lagoon of Venice (north-east Italy) Northern Dolcetti & Venezia Y 2002 Susceptibility to genetic damage and cell types in Mediterranean mussels Marine Environmental research, 54, 487-491 Adria Venier Northern Venezia Y Ferreira et al. 2009 Analysis of coastal and offshore aquaculture: Application of the FARM model to multiple systems and shellfish species Aquaculture, 289, 32-41 Adria Northern Venezia Y Fitzpatrick et al. 1995 Studies on Isoenzymes of Glutathione S-Transferase in the Digestive Gland of Mytilus galloprovincialis With Exposure to Pollution Marine Environmental research, 39, 241-244 Adria Northern The C1q domain containing proteins of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: A widespread and diverse family of Venezia Y Gerdol et al. 2011 Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 35, 635-643 Adria immune-related molecules Northern Venezia Y Li et al. 2010 Expression of Mytilus immune genes in response to experimental challenges varied according to the site of collection Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 28, 640-8 Adria Northern Venezia Y Libralato et al. 2010 Seawater ecotoxicity of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine The Journal of Hazardous Materials, 15, 535-539 Adria

9 5 10 Northern Venezia Y Libralato et al. 2010a How toxic is toxic? A proposal for wastewater toxicity hazard assessment Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73, 1602-11 Adria Assessment of the Impact of Organic Pollutants on Goby (Zosterisessor ophiocephalus) and Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Northern Livingstone et Venice Lagoon, Italy: Venezia Y 1995 Marine Environmental Research, 39, 235-240 Adria al. 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11 6 12 Northern Venezia Y Venier et al. 2003 Towards a catalogue of genes transcribed in multiple tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis Gene, 314, 29-40 Adria Northern Venezia Y Venier et al. 2006 Development of mussel mRNA profiling: Can gene expression trends reveal coastal water pollution? 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13 7 14 DNA adducts, benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase activity, and lysosomal membrane stability in Mytilus galloprovincialis from different Ionian Taranto Y Pisoni et al. 2004 Environmental Research, 96, 163-175 areas in Taranto coastal waters (Italy) Ionian Taranto Y Spada et al. 2011 Mercury and methylmercury concentrations in Mediterranean seafood and surface sediments, intake evaluation and risk for consumers International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, in press.

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Their behaviour as an index of Napoli Y Sansone et al. 1978 Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 61A, 133-139 Tyrrhenian normality of metabolism Middle Napoli Y Serpe et al . 2010 Optimisation and validation of an HPLC method for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mussels Food Chemistry, 122, 920 Tyrrhenian Middle n Palinuro no record - - - Tyrrhenian a Middle Porto Trace metals assessment in water, sediment, mussel and seagrass species – Validation of the use of Posidonia oceanica as a metal Y Lafabrie et al. 2007 Chemosphere, 68, 2033-2039 Tyrrhenian Torres biomonitor Middle n Salerno no record - - - Tyrrhenian a Middle G. Sarà pers. Cagliari Y 2009 Tyrrhenian com. Southern n Palermo no record - - - Tyrrhenian a Lampedu n Sicily Strait no record - - - sa a P. n Sicily Strait Empedoc no record - - - a le 23

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