APP BARRONS Chapter 1 SUMMARY ( 5 Waves , 7 Perspectives)

APP BARRONS Chapter 1 SUMMARY ( 5 waves , 7 perspectives) 1) WAVE 1 = Wundt 1832 first lab, looked at introspection/cognative. His theory of structuralism= mind operates by combo of emotions & sensations -William James publishes first book “The Principles of Psychology”. His theory functionalism= how Wundt’s theories function in out lives. -Washburn 1871 first women. Stanly Hall 1844, James’s student, pioneered child development. 2) WAVE 2 - GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY went further than beyond Wundt and James by examining the whole human experience in order to understand behavior and thought 3) WAVE 3 – PSYCHOANALYSIS most famous=Freud 1865-1939 revolutionary psychoanalytic by his theory of the “unconscious mind” = we suppress feelings/events which influences our thinking/behavior. You examine the unconscious mind by dream analysis, word association. 4) WAVE 4 –BEHAVIORISM – John Watson 1878-1958 pioneered experiments of Pavlov (1849- 1936) claiming psych needs to be considered a science and be limited to observable phenomena not concepts like Freud. Need to look at behavior and causes of behavior via stimuli (environmental events) and responses (physical reaction). Skinner (1904-90) expanded Watson, his idea of reinforcement which encourages/discourages responses. 5) WAVE 5 – MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES psychologist ascribe to multiple perspectives =eclectic 6) PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES A) HUMANIST-Abraham Maslow (1908-70) and Carl Rogers (1902-87) stressed individual choice and free will and social needs of individuals vary. Hard to test but helpful to clients. B) PSYCHOANALYTIC - controversial, unconscious mind controls our thoughts and actions, impulses/memories pushed then suppressed into the unconscious mind. We examine via dream analysis and word association. C) Biopsychology (Neuroscience)- explain behavior by genes, hormones, neurotransmitters D) EVOLUTIONARY (Darwinian)- human thoughts/actions determined by natural selection/survival. E) BEHAVIORAL- human thought/behavior in terms of conditioning via reward/punishment. F) COGNITIVE human thought/behavior explained by how we interpret, process and remember environmental events. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) idea that cognition develops in stages we mature. G) SOCIAL-CULTURAL –thoughts/behavior vary from people living in other cultures as they may have different rules about social interactions.

------Each of the perspectives has valid explanations depending upon the situation, this is called eclectic.