Unit IV Syllabus Sports & Society Fall, 2014 Mr. Aiello Race and Gender in American Society Unit Syllabus

Essential Questions: 1) How have sports promoted more positive views of minorities throughout the 20th century? 2) How have sports promoted more stereotyped and negative views of minorities throughout the 20th century? 3) How have sports promoted more positive views of women throughout the 20th century? 4) How have sports promoted more stereotyped and negative views of women throughout the 20th century?

Date Homeplay Assignment Wednesday, Nov. 12 Read “The Great Black Hope” book review. Thursday, Nov. 13 Read “Black Athletes” from A Whole New Ballgame” by Allen Guttmann. Friday, Nov. 14 Read Rader pp. 128 – 131. Monday, Nov. 17 Read “Joe Louis as Emerging Race Hero in the 1930s”. Tuesday, Nov. 18 Read the article “Invisible Men”. Wednesday, Nov. 19 Read “Yankees President Larry McPhail’s Plan to Discourage Integration of Baseball, 1946”. Thursday, Nov. 20 Read “And Playing Second Base for Brooklyn . . . Jackie Robinson”. Unit IV Syllabus Sports & Society Fall, 2014 Mr. Aiello

Rader 137-139 1) From 1890 – 1950, outline the rate of participation of blacks in major sports like football, baseball, tennis, golf, etc. 2) What was the only major sport in which blacks “achieved something approaching equal opportunity”? Who was the most famous black athlete in this sport at the time?

Great Black Hope book review 1) According to the author, why is the story of Jack Johnson not celebrated? 2) What was the “white fever”? 3) Why did Johnson have to leave the country? 4) After Johnson lost, how many years was it before another black man was the champ?

“Invisible Men” 1) Why were the Brown Bombers a “grand joke”? 2) How do the stories of Fritz Pollard, Joe Lilliard, and Alex Pompez tell of the true impact of the independent black football team? 3) How did these men accomplish what they set out to do?

Rader 178-179 1) Who was Rube Foster? 2) Why did black baseball teams have to “barnstorm”? 3) How did the “showmanship” of these contests reinforce negative stereotypes of blacks?

Rader 315 – 318 1) What was the symbolic turning point on March 19, 1966? 2) Why did George Will call Jackie Robinson “one of the two most important blacks in American history”? 3) From what pressures did the desegregation of sports arise? 4) In the 1930’s, what two African American athletes “enhanced black pride and won the admiration of many whites”? 5) Describe the character of Joe Louis. How was he different than Jack Johnson? 6) How did different “classes” of blacks differ in their analysis of Joe Louis?

Rader 319 - 321 1) Who was Branch Rickey? 2) How did Jackie Robinson’s character match Rickey’s requirements for a black athlete? 3) How did whites react to Robinson’s entrance in the league? 4) How quickly did racial integration occur in other sports after Robinson? 5) What explanation does Yankees president McPhail offer for why it would be bad for the black players to play in the Major Leagues?

“And Playing Second Base. . . “ 1) Why did Branch Rickey choose Jackie Robinson? Was it a good choice? Why/ why not Unit IV Syllabus Sports & Society Fall, 2014 Mr. Aiello

Rader 321 – 324 1) Describe Ali’s early background (prior to controversy). 2) Why did Ali change his name and join the Nation of Islam? How did whites react? 3) How did he become “one of the most powerful symbols of the troubled decade”? 4) In your opinion, would Ali have been controversial had he been white? 5) Who was Harry Edwards? Why did he support a boycott of the NYAC track meet? 6) Was the black boycott of the 1968 Olympics successful? Why or why not? 7) What was the famous “Smith-Carlos” demonstration? Why was it so controversial?

“The Thoughts of Muhammad Ali. . . “ 1) Name some of the “general grievances” as part of the black athlete revolt. 2) What was the relationship between the modern media and Ali?

Rader 324 – 328 1) List the “new forms” of discrimination that continue in sports today. 2) What were the results in the “Racial Report Card” of 1993? 3) What are “cross-overs”? 4) n your opinion, have sports damaged black America?

“Focus on sports hurts blacks” 1) List three ways in which sports can help blacks and three ways in which sports can be seen as a negative for African Americans.

Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan • Answer the three questions provided on the article

Rader 218 – 230 1) Who is “Babe Didrikson”? 2) Explain the concept of “athletic girl”. Is this a positive or negative view of women? 3) What was the role of class (wealth) in women’s sports? 4) What were Senda Berenson’s modified rules for basketball? 5) Give the athletic accomplishments of the following: Gertrude Ederle; Suzanne Lenglen; Helen Wills 6) How were physical educators upset with the increased popularity of women’s sports? 7) How did the war against industrial league basketball extend deeper than matters of “turf and principle”?

Dr. Dudley Sergent Asks: “Are Athletics Making Girls Masculine?” 1) Answer the title question according to the author. 2) What are the good doctors recommendations?

Rader 230 - 235 1) How did cheerleaders symbolize changes in American culture at this time? 2) Why did softball have a reputation as a masculine sport? How did the All-American Girls League attempt to overcome this image? 3) What explains the decline of the professional softball league in the 1950s? Unit IV Syllabus Sports & Society Fall, 2014 Mr. Aiello Rader 330 – 334 1) How did women’s sports “evoke meanings” distinctive from men’s? 2) How did bowling represent class as well and gender in sports? 3) What factors drove white women completely out of sports in the 1930’s 4) How did the Cold War provide a cause for change in women’s sports? 5) How did the “great tumult of the 1960’s and 1970’s” supply a catalyst for change? 5) What was the purpose of Title IX?

“Title IX pros and cons” 1) According to the article, what are the pros and cons of Title IX? 2) Do you think the 3 tests for Title IX are strong enough? Are they too strong? Explain

Rader 335 – 342 1) Explain the changes in women’s tennis. 2) How did Billie Jean King alter the landscape of women’s sports? 3) What was the “Battle of the Sexes”? 4) Who was resistant to changes in women’s sports? Why? 5) What constraints still remain today in women’s sports?

“Billie Jean King Remembers. . . “ & “Tennis’ Sexiest Star” 1) According to Billie Jean King, was she a woman or an athlete? 2) Does Anna Kournikova’s popularity help or hurt the women’s rights movement in sports? Explain your response.