___ 1. the First Cells to Communicate with Each Other A. Local Regulators

Talk to Me! Name: (Cell Communication)

___ 1. The first cells to communicate with each other A. local regulators B. proteins ___ 2. Chemicals released between nerve cells C. steroids D. testosterone ___ 3. A small molecule that fits into a larger molecule E. G protein linked receptor ___ 4. Molecules that are used to signal over long distances F. tyrosine kinase receptor ___ 5. When the signal molecule binds to its receptor G. ion channel receptor ___ 6. A specific steroid hormone that causes male sex H. ligand characteristics I. signal amplification ___ 7. When a phosphate is added to an enzyme from ATP J. bacteria K. eukaryotic cells ___ 8. GDP is removed and GTP is added to activate a protein L. cyclic AMP when this type of receptor is used M. calcium ions N. neurotransmitters ___ 9. The type of organic molecule that moves through O. transduction the cell membrane when it acts as a signal molecule P. plasma membrane Q. cytosol ___ 10. Chemicals released between neighboring cells R. protein phosphatase ___ 11. The specific protein hormone that causes the S. reception conversion of glycogen to glucose T. endoplasmic reticulum ___ 12. When signal molecules bind, ATP is added to the dimer U. scaffolding when this type of receptor is used proteins V. protein ___ 13. The enzyme that removes phosphates from proteins phosphorylation to deactivate them W. hormones X. epinephrine ___ 14. Large relay proteins that hold other proteins in place order in which they are needed

___ 15. A type of receptor that has a gate that opens when its signal molecule binds to it

___ 16. Type of molecules that are used as a second messenger in the glycogen to glucose pathway

___ 17. When many second messengers are made to increase the effect of the binding of the original signal molecule 2

Animal cells that are in direct contact with each other send chemicals through ______

______and plants send them through ______.

______are local regulators that make nearby cells grow and multiply.

Most receptors are located in the ______, but some are found inside the ______or ______and are called ______receptors.

An example of a signal molecule that goes to an intercellular receptor is the male hormone ______which is a ______molecule which allows it to go through the plasma membrane. It binds with its receptor in the

______. Then the receptor travels into the ______where it acts as a ______factor to cause the ______to start production of a particular protein by producing messenger RNA.

The hormone ______is released by the adrenal gland.

When it reaches the liver cells, it attaches to a receptor in the ______

______. This causes a ______to attach to the receptor and then the GDP on it is replaced by ______to activate it. The activated G protein activates the enzyme ______which causes ATP to be converted to ______. Cyclic AMP activates an inactive ______which in turn activates another protein kinase by ______it using a phosphate from ATP. The final activated protein kinase is the enzyme that causes glycogen to be converted to ______. In each step, the number of molecules of the product ______so the signal is amplified and millions of molecules of glucose are produced by 1 epinephrine attaching to the receptor.