Midterm Review for Honors Physical Science

The following is a list of vocabulary words and concepts that you should KNOW for the test. It is not necessarily inclusive, meaning that a few things may have been unintentionally left out. THEREFORE, it is up to YOU to CAREFULLY review your notes and look over all worksheets and activities to make sure you are familiar with ALL material covered since the first day of school. Prepare well, and you should do well. Best of luck!

Review for Environmental Science

Terms:

Abiotic autotroph chernozemic Biotic heterotroph taiga Ecosystem herbivore qualitative observations Population carnivore quantitative observations Community omnivore Species accuracy Consumer precision Producer relative error Decomposer Biomes: desert, grasslands (including savannas), tropical and temperate rainforests, tundra, temperate deciduous forest, chaparral, boreal coniferous forest, marine, freshwater

You should be able to…

 give examples of all terms listed above  understand, explain, and carry out population studies (sampling, calculation of population density)  analyze accuracy using relative error/percent error/experimental error calculation  describe what biomes are, where they are, characteristics of each, and give examples of organisms found in each  read temperature/rainfall graphs to predict biome type  write a properly constructed essay (intro sentence, body, conclusion) ala SWEET  make simple metric conversions

Review for the Periodic Table and Atomic Structure

 Determine the electrons, protons, and neutrons from atomic number and atomic mass  Determine valence electrons for an atom based on its location in the periodic table  Columns (groups) vs rows (periods)  Basis for similarity of elements within the same group/family  Location of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, halogens, noble gases, lanthanides and actinides  Know whether or not an atom will give up or gain electrons  Chemical bond  Characteristics and how bonds form for each of the following  Covalent bonds  Metallic bonds  Ionic bonds  Characteristics of metals, nonmetals, metalloids and their location on the periodic table  Be able to draw Lewis dot structures for neutral atoms  Mosely vs Mendeleev  Explain why alkali metals and halogens are so reactive, and why noble gases are NOT reactive

You will be asked to explain the difference between ionic, covalent and metallic bonds in terms of how the bonds actually form, what types of elements participate in each type of bond, and predicting which type of bond will form between two given atoms.

Review for Thermal Energy and Heat Transmission

 Temperature  Heat  Thermal energy  Newton’s law of cooling  Kelvin vs Celsius scale  Absolute zero  Specific heat capacity  Joules, calories, Calories  Expansion of water, maximum density of water at 4 degrees Celsius  density  Process by which a pond freezes  Formation of ocean breezes – day and night  Change of phase  Be able to explain the different regions on a heating curve (consider both changes in kinetic energy and potential energy)  Boiling vs evaporation  The process of boiling – how it is affected by higher altitudes, and how a pressure cooker works  Conduction  Convection  Radiation  Greenhouse effect  Reflection, emission, absorption of radiant energy  Examples of materials with high vs low specific heat  Examples of good conductors and insulators Review for Organic Chemistry and Polymers

Know these vocabulary words:

Alkane bonds nylon Alkene photosynthesis polyethylene Alkyne starch silk Carbon protein glucose hydrogen cellulose fossil fuel Monomer ethene (ethylene) cellular respiration Polymer rubber (both kinds)  Natural  Synthetic

Know these concepts:

 Why carbon is so special  Organic compounds always contain C, H  Prefixes and suffixes – how you can easily name organic compounds  Meth-, eth-, prop-, oct-, dec-, etc.  -ane, -ene, -yne  how polymers are produced  photosynthesis reaction  types of hydrocarbons  Higher density plastics have more carbon atoms in their chains  Composition of proteins/amino acids  Bonding in alkanes, alkenes, alkynes  Why can’t people survive without plants?  Understand Recycling Chart  Know general characteristics and uses for each of the six main recycling groups  Know general processes by which polymers are shaped into products

Be able to:

 compare and contrast monomers and polymers; give examples  compare and contrast synthetic and natural polymers; give examples  draw simple hydrocarbons  read graphs and answer questions

Reminder: be sure to bring a #2 pencil and a calculator for the test!!!