Packet by Michigan a (Michael Hausinger, Surya Sabhapathy, Scot Putzig)

Buzzerfest IX Packet by Michigan A (Michael Hausinger, Surya Sabhapathy, Scot Putzig)

1. This thinker focused on contemporary depictions of war in Regarding the Pain of Others; that work built upon an earlier essay collection which compared the work of Diane Arbus to images documenting the Great Depression, On Photography. This author wrote a short story about the responses of several New Yorkers when one of their friends develops AIDS, entitled "The Way We Live Now." She is better known for an essay which states that "the whole point of" the titular phenomenon "is to dethrone the serious," and declares its ultimate statement is "it's good because it's awful." In addition to "Notes on 'Camp'," she wrote about the psychological damage caused by myths surrounding tuberculosis and cancer. For 10 points, name this author of Illness as Metaphor and Against Interpretation. ANSWER: Susan Sontag

2. Loki and Heimdall fought each other in the form of these creatures in the ocean, while a group of people evolve into human-like forms of these creatures after shipwrecking in Kurt Vonnegut's Galapagos. Lake Ladoga is home to a ringed variety of this species of animal, while the Nerpa ones are unique to Lake Baikal. The daughter of the Inuit creator god is most closely associated with these animals, and in one story Sedna's severed fingers became whales, walruses, and these creatures. In Celtic myth, Selkies could transform from these into humans on land and transformed back by reattaching their skins. For 10 points, name this cute aquatic mammal that is often snacked upon by killer whales and clubbed to death and eaten as a delicacy by Canadians. ANSWER: Seals

3. The last-resort Operation Quartz was called off after this country's final independence, as the leader of the group who would have perpetrated the coup after one party's outright victory in elections asked for calm. Earlier, UN Security Council Resolution 216 had condemned this country's Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965, condemning it as "made by a racist minority." A government led by Margaret Thatcher briefly retook control of this nation, after which the Lancaster House Agreement was negotiated. Its first two Prime Ministers were Ian Smith and Abel Muzorewa. Currently led by a coalition between ZANU-PF and the Movement for Democratic Change, led by Morgan Tsvangirai, for 10 points, what is this African country, formerly known as Southern Rhodesia, that has been led for the last 30 years by Robert Mugabe? ANSWER: Republic of Zimbabwe [prompt on "Rhodesia" before mentioned]

4. In one version of this painting, a merman with two tails rides a fish and carries another in the top left corner, next to a winged fish with a boat on its back. Also in that triptych, a skull-headed creature plays a harp while riding a fictional mount in front of the central platform, which in turn is in front of a ruined tower. In another version, the title figure clad in blue lies prone as he is assaulted by various anthropomorhic creatures, and a lizard bites at his hand. That scene forms the rightmost panel of a famous altarpiece, and a more modern version of this scene depicts the nude title figure holding up a wooden cross against various animals with very long legs, including an elephant with a nude woman on a platform on top and a rearing white horse. Paintings by Hieronymus Bosch, a panel of the Isenheim Altarpiece by Matthias Grünewald, and a painting by Salvador Dali all depict, for 10 points, what scene of the trials of the title saint in the Egyptian desert? ANSWER: Temptation of Saint Anthony [accept plural forms]

5. He addressed a "daughter of Jove" and asked "Teach me to love and forgive" in one work, and he wrote that "A wondrous boy shall Rinda bear" and discussed Hoder's death in another poem. He is not Coleridge, but this author of Ode to Adversity and The Descent of Odin, wrote "Awake, Aeolian lyre, Awake" to begin another of his poems. More famously, he wrote that "where ignorance is bliss/ tis folly to be wise" in one poem, and one which begins with the line "The curfew tolls the knell of parting day." The author of odes on The Progress of Poesey, the Distant Prospect of Eton College, and the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Goldfishes, for 10 points, name this author of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. ANSWER: Thomas Gray

6. Before this battle, one side drew up their lines near Tockwith believing that the attackers were going to cross the river Nidd, while in fact they feinted and crossed the Ouse river and camped in the Galtres forest. The next morning the attacking army converged on Nether Poppleton while Lord Goring entered York to personally relieve the city from the Marquess of Newcastle. Lord Goring almost won this battle, until Lord Fairfax rode through enemy lines to muster a cavalry charge from his commander that cut down thousands of "Whitecoats." Prince Rupert was defeated by the Parliamentarian cavalry in, for 10 points, what 1644 victory for Oliver Cromwell that secured Northern England and was the largest battle of the English Civil War? ANSWER: Battle of Marston Moor

7. In the first step of flavonoid synthesis, one of these is added to 4-coumarate, and one of these is replaced with an amino acid in the final step of bile salt synthesis. One is removed from another molecule in an irreversible step in synthesis of cholesterol, the production of mevalonate. One intermediate in its synthesis is the condensation of cysteine with 4'-PPA, which occurs after the phosphorylation of pantothenic acid, or vitamin B5. The reactive group of this molecule is a thiol, and in the step of the Krebs cycle that produces GTP, it is detached from succinate. For 10 points, name this molecule which is used in the transport of fatty acids and, when combined with an acetyl group, forms an input to the Krebs cycle. ANSWER: CoA [or Coenzyme A]

8. This figure, the husband of Cifga, was once tricked into trading a herd of pigs for twelve enchanted mushrooms; in the war that ensued, he was killed by a son of Don. Along with Manawydan, he successively took up saddlery, shieldmaking, and shoemaking, but each time was driven off by angry Englishmen for being too good at his trade. This figure's foster-father, Teyrnon, originally named him Gwri for his golden hair. While hunting a white boar, this hero entered a magic castle, where he touched a golden bowl and instantly became stuck. Shortly after being born, this hero disappeared, causing his mother's handmaidens to smear her mouth with a puppy's blood and claim she had eaten the baby. For 10 points, identify this son of Pwyll and Rhiannon, who appears in all four branches of the Mabinogion. ANSWER: Pryderi

9. This author's first book, chronicling Loyal Blood's journey through the American West, was Postcards. Another of this author's novels uses selections from Ashley Book of Knots to introduce each chapter. That book sees the main character move to Killick-Claw, in Newfoundland, where Quoyle writes the titular column for The Gammy Bird. She has written three short story collections set in Wyoming, including Bad Dirt, and Fine Just the Way It Is. The first, Close Range: Wyoming, includes "The Half-Skinned Steer," and her most famous short story. For 10 points, identify this author of The Shipping News, who wrote about the relationship between Jack Twist and Ennis del Mar in "Brokeback Mountain." ANSWER: E. Annie Proulx

10. Molecules of this type are often made using an alumina catalyst, but a side product of an alkene is also produced in that process. Jain and Pillai found that when phenol is added to that reacting system, the rate of alkene production is greatly increased, while the rate of production of these is reduced drastically. When an aldehyde is placed in an acidic alcohol solution an acetal is often formed, which contains two of this functional group. One common synthesis of one of these uses an SN2 mechanism in which an alkoxide attacks an alkyl halide, named after Williamson, and due to their low reactivity they are used as solvents in the Grignard reaction. For 10 points, name this functional group which consists of an oxygen single-bonded to two carbon atoms. ANSWER: ethers

11. This work criticized an institution as being "ranked in the scriptures as one of the sins about the Jews." Furthermore, it criticizes the supporters of constitutional monarchy, arguing that in a certain country "the crown hath engrossed the commons." However, it also simplified the views of John Locke by stating "Society is produced by our wants, and government by our wickedness," while also referring to the "natural principles" the author believed needed defending. Selling over 100,000 copies in its first year it declared that a certain conflict was "in great measure the cause of mankind" and advocated a declaration of independence. For 10 points, name this 1776 radical pamphlet calling for Americans to declare independence by Thomas Paine. ANSWER: Common Sense

12. One work by this author describes Narcissus's influence over Nero and the affect that has on Agrippa. He drew on the Old Testament for a play in which Joad and Joas lead the defeat of the titular mother of Ochiozias. In addition to Britannicus and Athalie, another of his works describes Acomat, who attempts to use the title figure and Roxane to take power away from Sultan Amurath in his Bajazet. One work by this author describes Pyrrhus marries Hermione despite his love for the titular mother of Astyanax. In another of this man's works, based on a Euripedes play and set in Troezen, Theseus eventually takes in Aricia as a daughter after Hippolytus is squashed by a sea monster. For 10 points, name this French playwright of Iphegenie, Andromaque, and Phaedra. ANSWER: Jean Racine

13. This book opens with a statement that its events are "the black kitten's fault entirely," and an early scene is set in a garden of living flowers. The protagonist of this book is told to serve plum-cake by handing it around first, then cutting it after. That character helps a queen pin her shawl, takes Lily's place as a pawn, and dresses a pair of twins for battle after one's rattle is found ruined. Poems in this book include "The Walrus and the Carpenter," and one which the protagonist must hold up to a mirror to read. One scene in this book sees the main character visit a shop owned by a furiously knitting Sheep; there, she buys an egg that turns into Humpty Dumpty, who explains the meanings of words like "borogove" and "outgrabe." The Lion and the Unicorn, Red and White Queens, and Tweedledum and Tweedledee, all appear in, for 10 points, which book, the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland? ANSWER: Through the Looking Glass

14. He claimed that altruism springs from low self esteem in a work which attempts to undermine the idea of morals, his The Dawn or Daybreak. In another work, he predicts that "higher culture" will be based on science in future years; that work contains a section on "Tokens of Higher and Lower Culture." In addition to that work, which was followed by The Wanderer and His Shadow, he wrote a work in which he hypothesizes that punishment is simply a way for the punisher to recoup the injury caused by a perpetrator, and a work which describes Wagner's operas as a way to replace something lost since Greek times and one in which he famously asks "Supposing truth is a woman, what then?" For 10 points, name this German philosopher who wrote The Genealogy of Morality, Human, All Too Human, The Birth of Tragedy, Ecce Homo, and Beyond Good and Evil. ANSWER: Friedrich Nietzsche

15. The general case of Fermat's conjecture that all positive integers are the sum of at most three triangular numbers, four square numbers, and so on was proved by this man. He found the first general proof that the Euler characteristic of vertices - edges + faces for a convex polyhedron is 2. The first to rigorously prove Taylor's theorem, his namesake remainder applies to Taylor series, and a more general form of the Navier-Stokes equations is his momentum equation. He found that if a function is holomorphic along two different paths between points, the path integrals will be the same in his namesake integral theorem. He also found a special case of the Holder inequality, which parallels the triangle inequality but uses products rather than sums. For 10 points, name this French mathematician who gives his name to that inequality along with Hermann Schwarz. ANSWER: Augustin-Louis Cauchy

16. Joao II sent an envoy to this ruler, possibly encouraged by a report of a prior letter received by Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus. Otto of Freising was eager to ask him to reattempt an endeavor frustrated by the flooding of the Tigris, namely an excursion from his capital at Ecbatana in Persia to capture Jerusalem. This "king of the Three Indies" had an army of 140,000 cavalry and 100,000 infantry, and his grandson David’s conquests in Persia and Iraq encouraged the Bishop of Acre until it was discovered that this was actually the work of Genghis Khan. The Ethiopians were just as confused when the Christian states of Europe insisted that this man was their Emperor. For 10 points, name this mythical Nestorian Christian priest-king who supposedly ruled an isolated and wealthy kingdom east of the Muslim lands. ANSWER: Prester John [or Presbyter Johannes]

17. This man retold the Robinson Crusoe story in his Foe, and described a dying former professor named Mrs. Curren who is tended to by Vercueil in Age of Iron. Another work by this man describes Magda, who kills her father and has an affair with a workman. He wrote about Colonel Joll who tortures people in an effort to find information about the title figures of another book, appalling the Magistrate. Another character created by this man takes his mother Anna's ashes to a farm in Karoo after being raised in a home for disabled people because of his harelip. For 10 points, name this South African author of In the Heart of the Country, Waiting for the Barbarians and The Life and Times of Michael K. ANSWER: John Maxwell Coetzee

18. A barn was raised off the ground to create the Langston Hughes Library, designed by this architect, who also designed a house on the edge of an aspen forest made of wooden boxes. One ongoing project by this architect includes a completed section at Cape Disappointment, and is known as the Confluence Project. Another work by this architect is a round black stone water table, located in Montgomery, Alabama, inspired by the quote that "We are not satisfied and we will not be satisfied 'until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream."Most famously, she designed a V-shaped black granite wall, which was built into the ground and inscribed with 58,000 names. For 10 points, name this architect who designed the Civil Rights Memorial and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. ANSWER: Maya Lin

19. In humans, the efficiency of the abductor mechanism is increased by the high angle of this structure's neck, and its bicondylar angle is much higher than in apes. It is laterally rotated by the popliteus muscle, and the obturator externus inserts on this bone's trochanteric fossa. It is reinforced along the anteroposterior axis by the linea aspera. This bone's distal end has a high lateral lip where it articulates with the largest sesamoid bone in the human body, and connects to the cartilaginous medial and lateral menisci. Its head, which contains the fovea capitis, articulates with the lunate surface of the acetabulum. For 10 points, identify this bone which is connected by the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments to the tibia, the longest bone in the body. ANSWER: femur

20. Monks who had mastered this work's teachings were often referred to by its Chinese title. It contains sections "of discourse" and "of discipline." Its second part was recited by Ananda, and contains a list of doctrines including meditation techniques, while other parts were recited by Upali and Mahakashyapa. The first part of this work begins with a list of seven apatti, or transgressions, and outlines rules governing the conduct of monks and nuns in the sangha. That section, the Vinaya, precedes the Sutra, and Abhidharma. For 10 points, name this earliest collection of Buddhist scriptures, referred to as the Pali Canon by Theravada Buddhists, and named for its "three baskets." ANSWER: Tripitaka [accept "Pali Canon" before it is mentioned]

21. An burst of them important for research was released by Supernova 1987A. A team led by Arthur McDonald solved the discrepancy between other experimental results and a model created by Bahcall, and an experiment by Wu showed that these are almost always left-handed. They were first proposed by Pauli to explain an apparent loss of energy observed in beta decay. One method of detecting them uses the fact that these particles can convert chlorine to argon via the charged current interaction, and another method relies on heavy water. Notable detectors of them include the Homestake Mine, Sudbury, and Super Kamiokande. For 10 points, name these nearly massless uncharged leptons which come in tauon, muon, and electron flavors. ANSWER: neutrinos Bonuses

1. Silicon and oxygen are the most common elements in the Earth's crust, and form a wide variety of minerals when combined. For 10 points each, name the following about silicate rocks.

[10] This group of silicates consists of interlocking SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedra. They have the ability to absorb water without changing their crystal structure, and some examples include mesolite and stilbite. ANSWER: zeolite [prompt on “tectosilicates”] [10] This group of silicates is notable for having perfect basal cleavage. Each sheet is made of six membered rings, and examples include biotite and muscovite. ANSWER: mica [10] Zeolite has framework structure, while mica consists of two-dimensional sheets. When the tetrahedrons are not bonded together a silicate rock is part of this subclass, which includes gems like garnets, topaz, and zircon. ANSWER: neosilicates

2. He painted his wife with the title object running down the middle of her face in La Raie Verte. For 10 points each: [10] Name this painter who depicted five naked figures jumping and holding hands in a ring in his La Danse. ANSWER: Henri Matisse [10] Along with Andre Derain and Maurice de Vlaminck, Matisse was a leader of this artistic movement. French for "The Wild Beasts," they often used paint straight from the tube, leading to brightly colored works. ANSWER: Fauvism [or Les Fauves] [10] Matisse eventually abandoned fauvism, and painted works such as this one. In it, he stands in a light blue and white striped outfit facing his seated wife. A tree is visible in the background through a window in the blue wall. ANSWER: The Conversation

3. Avast ye ma-ties! Answer some questions about the most fearsome seamen of all--German pirates! For 10 points each: [10] Along with his partner-in-crime Gödeke Michels, this most-famous German pirate led the Vitalienbrüder in breaking up Margaret I of Denmark's siege of Stockholm in 1392 during which he began seizing Danish merchant vessels. His pirate name means in Old German "down in one gulp." ANSWER: Klaus Störtebecker [or Klaus Störtebeker or Nikolas Stortzenbecker] [10] After freeing Stockholm, Störtebecker kind of liked being a pirate and expanded his raiding operations to include ships of this medieval Northern German trading alliance that dominated Baltic and North Sea trade. ANSWER: Die Hanse (or Hanseatic League) [10] Störtebecker was eventually captured by a Hanse fleet from this German port city in 1401. He offered to give this city a golden chain so large that it could fit around its entirety, but they decided to behead him and his 73 shipmates instead. ANSWER: Hamburg

4. It is named after a location in Bern's Restaurant, where friends of this play's author often gathered and where met his first wife. For 10 points each: [10] Name this play about Arvid Falk, who changes his career from civil servant to journalist after noticing the corruption around him. ANSWER: The Red Room [or Roda Rummet] [10] In this other play, the Captain and his wife Laure watch their marriage fall apart after an argument about Bertha's education in which Laura realizes that her opinion will not affect his decision. ANSWER: The Father [or Fadren] [10] Both The Red Room and The Father are by August Strindberg, who is most famous for this play. In it, the title character is seduced by Jean, a butler, and eventually decides to kill herself. ANSWER: Miss Julie

5. For 10 points each, answer the following about why eyewitness testimony is frequently unreliable. [10] This type of memory related to an emotionally significant event is usually described as being extremely vivid, although they are not any more likely to be accurate than other memories. ANSWER: flashbulb memories [10] One of the most famous studies about false memory is this one, where subjects were asked to imagine the namesake childhood event. A quarter of them then reported remembering this event, even though they had never actually experienced it. ANSWER: lost in the mall study [10] This psychologist carried out the "Lost in the Mall" study. Her other work on false memory includes The Myth of Repressed Memory, which discusses how misinformation during therapy may cause false recall of past abuse. ANSWER: Elizabeth Loftus

6. Much of this play is set in the Zurich library, and it opens as Ulysses is dedicated to Gwendolyn and one character pulls words out of a hat to make poetry. For 10 points each: [10] Name this play, which is based on the fact that Lenin, Joyce, and Tristan Tzara all lived in Zurich during World War I. ANSWER: Travesties [10] Travesties was written by this British author, who more famously adapted Hamlet for his Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. ANSWER: Tom Stoppard [10] The other setting of Travesties is in the house of this man, who was supposed to play a part in a production of The Importance of Being Earnest put on by Joyce, but ended up in a legal battle with him instead. ANSWER: Henry Carr [accept either]

7. This American victory was preceded two years earlier by the destruction of two American armies under Governor Arthur St. Clair and General Josiah Harmar. For 10 points each: [10] Name this battle that crushed the Ohio River Valley Indian Confederacy and led to the Treaty of Greenville in 1795 and is named for a number of titular plants that were knocked down because of an earlier thunderstorm. ANSWER: Battle of the Fallen Timbers [10] This general won the Battle of the Fallen Timbers after being appointed by President Washington to rebuild the American army in 1793. ANSWER: "Mad" Anthony Wayne [10] The multi-national Indian force was led by these two charismatic leaders who made the mistake of leading their force in a ritual fast before the battle. Name either. ANSWER: Blue Jacket and Little Turtle

8. Minor characters on this show include Special Agent Frank Lundy, Vince Masuka, and the Trinity killer, played by John Lithgow. For 10 points each: [10] Name this show, which features Julie Benz as Rita, and Michael C. Hall as the titular blood spatter analyst who moonlights as a serial killer. ANSWER: Dexter [10] Dexter appears on this network, whose other original series include United States of Tara, Californication, and Weeds. ANSWER: Showtime [10] In 2009, Showtime premiered Nurse Jackie, starring this actress who is probably better known for appearing on HBO as Tony Soprano's wife, Carmela. ANSWER: Edie Falco

9. These creatures, a type of hob, are related to the Slavic domovoi and German Heinzelmannchen. For 10 points each: [10] Identify these creatures from the folklore of Northern England and Scotland, friendly household spirits who will do chores in exchange for a gift of food. ANSWER: brownies [10] Contrasted with the helpful brownies are these mischievous household spirits who might make milk go sour or place a cold hand over your face at night. ANSWER: boggart [or bogle] [10] A common household deity in China is Zhao Jun, who is associated with this aspect of the home. He writes down all of the activities of a household during the year and then reports them to the Jade Emperor. Other deities associated with this location are the Roman Vesta and Greek Hestia. ANSWER: hearth [or stove; also accept kitchen] 10. Answer the following about the physics of ultrasound scans, for 10 points each: [10] The transducer of an ultrasound scanner takes advantage of this phenomenon, using a specific type of crystal to convert electrical energy into acoustic waves. ANSWER: piezoelectricity [10] The difference in this quantity between air and flesh means that most ultrasound waves are reflected at the surface of the body unless a water-based gel is used. This is the product of a material's density, and the speed of sound in that material. ANSWER: acoustic impedance [10] Difficulty is encountered with ultrasound images with this phenomenon, that occurs when waves lose intensity while traveling through a medium. ANSWER: attenuation

11. Although Hooke's Law has its uses, it's not always the best possible model for materials under stress. For 10 points each: [10] Solids often display this property, in which strain slowly increases under constant stress. It usually occurs when the temperature is above about half of a materials melting temperature. ANSWER: creep [10] Creep can be modeled by either the Maxwell or Voigt models, which are combinations in series and parallel of a spring and one of these objects. ANSWER: damper [10] The spring is used to model the elastic forces in creep, while the damper is used to account for this type of forces. In other systems, the Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to this type of force. ANSWER: viscous [accept viscosity]

12. This man argued against historicism in his The Poverty of Historicism, and later said that it was a result of “one of the oldest dreams of mankind—the dream of prophecy.” For ten points each: [10] Name this Austrian philosopher, who argued that unfalsifiable theories were pseudoscience, and wrote such works as The Logic of Scientific Discovery. ANSWER: Karl Popper [10] The concept of falsifiability was introduced as a solution to this problem, where to draw the line between science and non-science. ANSWER: demarcation [10] Along with Pavel Tichy, this man critiqued Popper’s definitions in works like “Popper’s Qualitative Theory of Verisimilitude,” eventually writing Critical Rationalism: A Restatement and Defense. ANSWER: David Miller

13. Important characters in this work include Clyde Lockert, who supposedly is a cocoa grower, and Emily and Brent, the children of the central couple. For 10 points each: [10] Name this book in which a retired car manufacturer named Sam and his wife Fran travel through Europe as their marriage falls apart. ANSWER: Dodsworth [10] Sinclair Lewis claimed that Dr. Sondelius, a character from this other work, was his favorite character. The title character is a doctor who notices the problems in his profession, and eventually ends up pursuing his research in the backwoods of Vermont. ANSWER: Arrowsmith [10] Between writing Arrowsmith and Elmer Gantry, Lewis wrote this book about Ralph Prescott, who travels west into the forests, spending time with Woodbury and the Easters. ANSWER: Mantrap

14. The main characters see the titular objects while drinking Anis del Toro and waiting for the train. For 10 points each: [10] Name this short story set in the Ebro valley of Spain, in which an unnamed American man tries to convince Jig that she should get an abortion. ANSWER: "Hills Like White Elephants" [10] "Hills Like White Elephants" appears in this author's collection Men Without Women. He also wrote "The Snows of Kilimanjaro" and several stories about Nick Adams. ANSWER: Ernest Hemingway [10] In this other Hemingway story, two cafe waiters gossip about their patron, an old man who recently attempted suicide. One satirizes the Lord's prayer, with "Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name." ANSWER: "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place"

15. Name some things about a certain league led by Athens, for 10 points each: [10] Athens led what ancient Greek league centered on the treasury of a namesake island that fought the Peloponnesian War against Sparta? ANSWER: Delian League [10] This peace was negotiated by and named for the richest Athenian citizen, who gained his wealth by renting out slave labor to the Laurion silver mines, ended the Persian Wars and theoretically the purpose of the Delian League. ANSWER: Peace of Kallias [10] This city-state in the Delian League was the last to revolt against the hegemony of Athens in the League. Much later, a massacre here would be the subject of a Eugene Delacroix painting. ANSWER: Chios

16. The titular figure said that she was stabbed by an angel in the heart "so that it penetrated [her] entrails." For 10 points each: [10] Name this Bernini sculpture in which the title figure and angel are illuminated by gilded rays of "light" from above. ANSWER: Ecstasy of St. Theresa [or Saint Teresa in Ecstasy or Transverberation of Saint Teresa] [10] Bernini also created his Fountain of the Four Rivers, which depicts the Nile, Danube, Ganges, and Rio de la Plata, for this square in Rome. It also contains the Fontana di Nettuno and Fontana del Moro, both designed by Giacomo della Porta. ANSWER: Piazza Navona [10] Bernini also created this sculpture inspired by a Giambologna work. In it, the title figure is posed contraposto as she resists the efforts of her abductor, whose fingers press into her flesh. ANSWER: The Rape of Proserpina [or Il Ratto di Proserpina]

17. Like many people, Weird Al loves his pancreas. For 10 points each, answer the following about some of the molecules it produces. [10] The alpha cells in the Islets of Langerhans produce this hormone, which is released when blood glucose levels fall too low and triggers the breakdown of glycogen in the liver. ANSWER: glucagon [10] Since the pancreas wouldn't be very effective if it digested itself, digestive enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin are secreted in this inactive precursor form. ANSWER: zymogen [10] This hormone is secreted along with insulin from the beta cells. It suppresses glucagon secretion, and slows the emptying of the stomach into the small intestine. ANSWER: amylin

18. It saw one side armed with Assegai spears overwhelm the other armed with breech-loading rifles and artillery, for 10 points each: [10] Name this 1879 battle that saw the massacre of over 1,000 British troops by over 20,000 African warriors and began the Zulu war. ANSWER: Battle of Isandlwana [10] This relative of Shaka and King of the Zulu was victorious at the battle of Isandlwana, but was overwhelmed by the second wave of British reinforcements and was deposed and exiled to London. ANSWER: Cetshwayo [10] This capital of the Zulu was burned to the ground after Cetshwayo lost the battle here and was captured. Its destruction marks the end of the Zulu war. ANSWER: Ulundi

19. It repeats the line the line "boomlay, boomlay, boomlay, BOOM," and the speaker saw the titlular river "creeping through the black." For 10 points each: [10] Name this poem, in which has sections "solemnly chanted" and read "in a deep, rolling bass," written by Vachel Lindsay. ANSWER: "The Congo" [10] In this poem, set in Springfield, the titlular "bronzed, lank man" "cannot rest until a spirit-dawn/Shall come;— the shining hope of Europe free" ANSWER: "Abraham Lincoln Walks at Midnight" [10] In General William Booth Enters Into Heaven, this question is asked repeatedly. As the last line of the poem, it follows the lines "He saw King Jesus. They were face to face/ And he knelt a-weeping in that holy place." ANSWER: "Are you washed in the blood of the Lamb? "

20. Answer some questions about composer and his work, for 10 points each: [10] This work starts out with a motif ostinato with the timpani and strings that can be heard throughout the piece. The upper woodwinds and keyboard percussion take the dance melody, later accompanied by the low brass. The strings then come in with a folk melody. ANSWER: Sabre Dance [10] This composer of Masquerade and the ballet Spartacus composed Sabre Dance. ANSWER: Aram Khachaturian [10] Sabre Dance is a movement in the final act of this ballet, which includes a Lezghinka and a Dance of the Rose Maidens. ANSWER: Gayane

21. This chartered company created in 1600 was the first ever to issue stock and made a ton of money until bankruptcy in 1800. For 10 points each: [10] Name this European joint-stock company that was controlled by the Heren XVII and based its wealth on its monopoly of the "Big Four" spices--nutmeg, cloves, cinnamon, and pepper. ANSWER: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie [or Dutch East India Company or VOC] [10] Tensions between the Dutch and English East India Companies grew after this Dutch massacre of ten English merchants who allegedly circumvented the Dutch monopoly contracts on mace and nutmeg on the namesake island. ANSWER: Amboina Massacre [or Amboyna] [10] In 1619 this man became Governor-General of the VOC in Southeast Asia where he ousted the British merchants from Java, founded the VOC entrepot in Batavia, and secured the world's supply of nutmeg by capturing the Banda islands and massacring or enslaving all 2,800 natives. ANSWER: Jan Pieterszoon Coen