Tools of the Trade

MARINE SCIENCE FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUIDE 2013-2014

Name: ______

1 Practice:

Examine the food chain below:

Diatom  krill  penguin  leopard seal

1) Label the producer(s) and consumer(s).

2) Show how many calories of energy each organism will have if the producer makes 10,000 calories of energy.

Identify the following by letter:

Southern Ocean - ______Indian Ocean - Atlantic Ocean - Arctic Ocean - Pacific Ocean -

Identify each of the lettered parts in the picture below: 2 a. f. b. g. c. h. d. i. e. j.

Label the warm and cold water currents on the picture below.

3 HISTORY OF MARINE SCINECE:

EXPLORER/EXPEDITIO ACCOMPLISHMENTS TECHNOLOGY USED N

Early Explorers – Polynesians

Challenger Expedition

Trieste

Robert Ballard

John Harrison

Polar Expeditions

Titanic TOOLS OF MARINE SCINECE:

TOOL FUNCTION

Secchi Disc

Plankton Net

Niskin Bottle

Grab Sampler

Semaphore MARINE GEOLOGY:

TOPIC DESCTIPTION

Continental Drift -Alfred Wegener

Plate Tectonics

Trench

Mid Ocean Ridge

Subduction Zone

Passive/Active Continental Margin

Age of Seafloor

Major Ocean Basins (5)

SEAFLOOR FEATURES: TOPIC DESCTIPTION

Abyssal Plain

Abyssal Hill

Continental Margin

Continental Shelf

Continental Slope

Continental Rise

Island

Seamount

SEAWATER: TOPIC DESCTIPTION

Polar Molecule

Hydrogen Bonds Universal Solvent

Heat Capacity

Surface Tension

Adhesion/Cohesion

Define:

Average Salinity: Salinity Density of Seawater:

Factors that Affect Salinity:

Major Ions: Major Ions & Sources of Ions in Sources: Sodium – Seawater Chlorine -

Temperature of Least Dense: Density Temperature of Most Dense:

Average Temperature of Seawater Nitrogen: Source & Percentage: Dissolved Gases Oxygen: Source & Percentage:

CO2: Source & Percentage:

Pressure Increase _____ atm / 10 meters

Color: Light Transmission

SEAWATER MOVEMENT - CURRENTS: TOPIC DESCTIPTION Cause Surface Currents Importance:

Coriolis Effect

Direction in Northern Hemisphere: Gyres Direction in Southern Hemisphere:

Sources - Warm: Warm & Cold Water Sources – Cold: Currents Locations: Cause: Upwelling Importance:

Cause: Downwelling Importance:

Cause: El Nino Effect;

Cause; Thermohaline Circulation Importance:

Surface Zone:

Pycnocline/Halocline/Thermocline: Stratification / Layered Deep Zone:

SEAWATER MOVEMENT - TIDES: TOPIC DESCTIPTION

Tidal Range

Spring Tide

Neap Tide Semi-diurnal Frequency Diurnal

SEAWATER MOVEMENT - WAVES: TOPIC DESCTIPTION

Crest/Trough:

Parts of a Wave Height:

Wavelength:

Wind: Types Tsunami: Tide:

ECOLOGY: TOPIC DESCTIPTION

Abiotic Factors Examples:

Biotic Factors Examples:

Pelagic vs Benthic

Infauna Epifauna

Ecology

Individual

Population

Levels of Community Organization Ecosystem

Biosphere

Producers/autotrophs: Trophic Levels Photosynthesis

Chemosynthesis

Consumers/Heterotrophs:

Predator/Prey

Deposit feeders

Filter feeder

Scavengers

Decomposers Bioaccumulation

Biomagnification

Food Web/Trophic Pyramid Energy loss from level to level -

Parasitism

Mutualism

Commensalism

Competition

Resource Partitioning

Keystone Species

Pollution Types: Destroying Sewage Ecosystems Oil Spills

Thermal Pollution ORGANISMS: Organism Examples Main Characteristics Key terms Phytoplankton: Plankton Zooplankton:

Holdfast - Algae/Kelp

Porifera

Polyp – Cnidaria Medusa –

Nematocyst –

Gastropods/Univalves: Mantle – Mollusks

Pelecypods/Bivalves: Foot –

Cephalopods: Radula –

Exoskeleton – Arthropods Molting –

Cheliped – Regeneration – Echinoderms

Ampullae of Lorenzini – Cartilaginous Fish (Shark) Lateral line –

Operculum –

Swim bladder – Bony Fish Fusiform – (Osteichthyes) Schooling –

Countershading –

Feet & Bills – Birds Air Sacs –

Nesting –

Carnivores: Sea Otters Echolocation – Mammals

Fluke – Cetaceans: Baleen- Melon -

Blubber –

Toothed-

ECOSYSTEMS: Zone Location Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Key Terms Coastal Plain – Estuary Bar-Built –

Salt wedge –

Detritus –

Anoxia –

Salt Marsh: Turbidity –

Osmoregulator- Mud Flat: Osmoconformer –

Sea Grass: Euryhaline –

Stenohaline –

HABs - Rocky: Wave shock – Coastal / Intertidal Desiccation –

Tidal Pool: Infauna –

Substrate – Sandy: Coastal Development -

Zone Location Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Key Terms Unvegetated: Upwelling – Continental Shelf / Subtidal Benthos – Vegetated/Kelp Forest: Deposit feeding –

Overfishing –

Symbiosis – Coral Reef Zooxanthellae –

Bleaching –

Vertical migration –

Open Ocean Pelagic – (Epipelagic) Plankton –

Nekton –

Bioluminescence – The Deep Chemosynthesis –

Pressure –