<p> MARINE SCIENCE FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUIDE 2013-2014</p><p>Name: ______</p><p>1 Practice:</p><p>Examine the food chain below:</p><p>Diatom  krill  penguin  leopard seal</p><p>1) Label the producer(s) and consumer(s).</p><p>2) Show how many calories of energy each organism will have if the producer makes 10,000 calories of energy.</p><p>Identify the following by letter:</p><p>Southern Ocean - ______Indian Ocean - Atlantic Ocean - Arctic Ocean - Pacific Ocean - </p><p>Identify each of the lettered parts in the picture below: 2 a. f. b. g. c. h. d. i. e. j. </p><p>Label the warm and cold water currents on the picture below.</p><p>3 HISTORY OF MARINE SCINECE: </p><p>EXPLORER/EXPEDITIO ACCOMPLISHMENTS TECHNOLOGY USED N</p><p>Early Explorers – Polynesians</p><p>Challenger Expedition</p><p>Trieste</p><p>Robert Ballard</p><p>John Harrison</p><p>Polar Expeditions</p><p>Titanic TOOLS OF MARINE SCINECE: </p><p>TOOL FUNCTION</p><p>Secchi Disc</p><p>Plankton Net</p><p>Niskin Bottle</p><p>Grab Sampler</p><p>SCUBA</p><p>SONAR</p><p>Semaphore MARINE GEOLOGY: </p><p>TOPIC DESCTIPTION</p><p>Continental Drift -Alfred Wegener</p><p>Plate Tectonics</p><p>Trench</p><p>Mid Ocean Ridge</p><p>Subduction Zone</p><p>Passive/Active Continental Margin</p><p>Age of Seafloor</p><p>Major Ocean Basins (5)</p><p>SEAFLOOR FEATURES: TOPIC DESCTIPTION</p><p>Abyssal Plain</p><p>Abyssal Hill</p><p>Continental Margin</p><p>Continental Shelf</p><p>Continental Slope</p><p>Continental Rise</p><p>Island</p><p>Guyot</p><p>Seamount</p><p>SEAWATER: TOPIC DESCTIPTION</p><p>Polar Molecule</p><p>Hydrogen Bonds Universal Solvent</p><p>Heat Capacity</p><p>Surface Tension</p><p>Adhesion/Cohesion</p><p>Define:</p><p>Average Salinity: Salinity Density of Seawater:</p><p>Factors that Affect Salinity:</p><p>Major Ions: Major Ions & Sources of Ions in Sources: Sodium – Seawater Chlorine -</p><p>Temperature of Least Dense: Density Temperature of Most Dense:</p><p>Average Temperature of Seawater Nitrogen: Source & Percentage: Dissolved Gases Oxygen: Source & Percentage:</p><p>CO2: Source & Percentage:</p><p>Pressure Increase _____ atm / 10 meters</p><p>Color: Light Transmission</p><p>SEAWATER MOVEMENT - CURRENTS: TOPIC DESCTIPTION Cause Surface Currents Importance:</p><p>Coriolis Effect</p><p>Direction in Northern Hemisphere: Gyres Direction in Southern Hemisphere:</p><p>Sources - Warm: Warm & Cold Water Sources – Cold: Currents Locations: Cause: Upwelling Importance:</p><p>Cause: Downwelling Importance:</p><p>Cause: El Nino Effect;</p><p>Cause; Thermohaline Circulation Importance:</p><p>Surface Zone:</p><p>Pycnocline/Halocline/Thermocline: Stratification / Layered Deep Zone:</p><p>SEAWATER MOVEMENT - TIDES: TOPIC DESCTIPTION</p><p>Tides</p><p>Tidal Range</p><p>Spring Tide</p><p>Neap Tide Semi-diurnal Frequency Diurnal</p><p>SEAWATER MOVEMENT - WAVES: TOPIC DESCTIPTION</p><p>Wave</p><p>Crest/Trough:</p><p>Parts of a Wave Height:</p><p>Wavelength:</p><p>Wind: Types Tsunami: Tide:</p><p>ECOLOGY: TOPIC DESCTIPTION</p><p>Abiotic Factors Examples:</p><p>Biotic Factors Examples:</p><p>Pelagic vs Benthic</p><p>Infauna Epifauna</p><p>Ecology</p><p>Individual</p><p>Population</p><p>Levels of Community Organization Ecosystem</p><p>Biosphere</p><p>Niche</p><p>Producers/autotrophs: Trophic Levels Photosynthesis</p><p>Chemosynthesis</p><p>Consumers/Heterotrophs:</p><p>Predator/Prey</p><p>Deposit feeders</p><p>Filter feeder</p><p>Scavengers</p><p>Decomposers Bioaccumulation</p><p>Biomagnification</p><p>Food Web/Trophic Pyramid Energy loss from level to level -</p><p>Parasitism</p><p>Mutualism</p><p>Commensalism</p><p>Competition</p><p>Resource Partitioning</p><p>Keystone Species</p><p>Pollution Types: Destroying Sewage Ecosystems Oil Spills</p><p>Thermal Pollution ORGANISMS: Organism Examples Main Characteristics Key terms Phytoplankton: Plankton Zooplankton:</p><p>Holdfast - Algae/Kelp</p><p>Porifera</p><p>Polyp – Cnidaria Medusa –</p><p>Nematocyst – </p><p>Gastropods/Univalves: Mantle – Mollusks </p><p>Pelecypods/Bivalves: Foot –</p><p>Cephalopods: Radula –</p><p>Exoskeleton – Arthropods Molting –</p><p>Cheliped – Regeneration – Echinoderms</p><p>Ampullae of Lorenzini – Cartilaginous Fish (Shark) Lateral line – </p><p>Operculum – </p><p>Swim bladder – Bony Fish Fusiform – (Osteichthyes) Schooling – </p><p>Countershading – </p><p>Feet & Bills – Birds Air Sacs –</p><p>Nesting – </p><p>Carnivores: Sea Otters Echolocation – Mammals</p><p>Fluke – Cetaceans: Baleen- Melon -</p><p>Blubber –</p><p>Toothed-</p><p>ECOSYSTEMS: Zone Location Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Key Terms Coastal Plain – Estuary Bar-Built –</p><p>Salt wedge –</p><p>Detritus – </p><p>Anoxia – </p><p>Salt Marsh: Turbidity – </p><p>Osmoregulator- Mud Flat: Osmoconformer –</p><p>Sea Grass: Euryhaline –</p><p>Stenohaline –</p><p>HABs - Rocky: Wave shock – Coastal / Intertidal Desiccation –</p><p>Tidal Pool: Infauna – </p><p>Substrate – Sandy: Coastal Development - </p><p>Zone Location Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Key Terms Unvegetated: Upwelling – Continental Shelf / Subtidal Benthos – Vegetated/Kelp Forest: Deposit feeding – </p><p>Overfishing – </p><p>Symbiosis – Coral Reef Zooxanthellae – </p><p>Bleaching –</p><p>Vertical migration – </p><p>Open Ocean Pelagic – (Epipelagic) Plankton –</p><p>Nekton – </p><p>Bioluminescence – The Deep Chemosynthesis – </p><p>Pressure –</p>