Chapter 20: Late Medieval and Early Renaissance Northern Europe Chapter Sheet

List of Artworks (9 cards total): 1. Context Card: Chapter 20 Early Renaissance North Europe 2. Claus Sluter, Well of Moses, Chartreuse de Champmol, Dijon, France, 1396-1406—pg. 537 3. Robert Campin (Master of Flémalle), Mérode Altarpiece (open), ca. 1425-1428—pg.534-35 4. Hubert and Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece (closed), Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium, completed 1432—pg.540 a. Hubert and Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece (open), Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium, completed 1432—pg. 541 5. Jan van Eyck, Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife, 1434—pg. 542 6. Jan van Eyck, Man in a Red Turban, 1433—pg. 543 7. Hans Memling, Virgin with Saints and Angels, center panel of the Saint John Altarpiece, Hospitaal Sint Jan, Bruges, Belgium, 1479—pg. 548 8. Limbourg Brothers (Pol, Herman, Jean), January, from Les Trés Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, 1413-1416—pg. 550 a. Limbourg Brothers (Pol, Herman, Jean), October, from Les Trés Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, 1413-1416—pg. 551 9. Michael Wolgemut and shop, Tarvisium, page from the Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493—pg. 555

Chapter 20 Learning Objectives  Explain the contributions of the Dukes of Burgundy on late Medieval and early Renaissance art.  How does Claus Sluter's Well of Moses point toward a new kind of sculpture in Northern Europe?  Why is iconography such an important part of the study of art history in Flemish regions?  Explain the domestic localization of holy stories in Flemish painting (for example, the Merode Altarpiece).  Explain how economic conditions were reflected in works of art.  Identify the role of shifting devotional patterns and practices in the creation of works of art.  Discuss the role of politics in 15th-century Northern Europe.  Identify the influence patrons had on examples of 15th-century Northern Europe.  Be sure that you can describe the importance of the donor-portrait in northern painting.

Preview: Chapter 20 covers artistic production in northern Europe in the 15th century. This period saw social and political turmoil throughout the region, but it also witnessed important innovations in artististic technique and active royal, ducal, church, and private patronage of the arts. In the Duchy of Burgundy and Flanders (a region that included present-day Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and northern France), powerful dukes commissioned Claus Sluter to creat the Well of Moses for the Carthusian monastery at Champmol. Flemish painters such as Malchior Broederlam and Jan van Eyck specialized in the use of oil paints on wood panel, a medium that produced images of rich vibrancy. Portraiture became an important art form, as did altarpieces with folding wings, and Flemish paintings in general are marked by their extraordinary realism and inclusion of scenes and objects of everyday life. Despite the Hundred Years War (1337-1453) that crippled the French economy, the nobility commissioned important artworks, particularly illuminated manuscripts by the Limbourg brothers. Artists in the Holy Roman Empire retained the Late Gothic style of the preceding century, but the primary artistic development in Germany came with the invention of the printing press and innovations in printmaking. Martin Schongauer was the greatest of the early masters of engraving, and the circulation of his prints ensured his influence on later Northern Renaissance artists such as Albrecht Dürer. Dürer’s art will be discussed in Chapter 23: High Renaissance and Mannerism in Northern Europe and Spain. Key Figures: Cennino Cennini, St. Eligius, St. Luke Key Cultural & Religious Terms: feudalism, mystery plays, Renaissance, prefiguration, mystic marriage, matins, compline Key Art Terms: donor portraits, altarpiece, diptych, polyptych, matte, tempera, glazes, sfumato, sibyls, finial, iconoclasts, stretcher bars, vanishing point, perspective, orthogonals, lunette, cherubs, print, edition, relief, intaglio, woodcut, engraving, drypoint, etching, cross-hatching, parallel hatching, silverpoint, stylus, burin Key Architectural Terms: chartreuse, monastery, mausoleum, rotunda