iGCSE Scheme of Work Year 9 Sept 2011

Crude Oil and Fuels Lesson Learning Objectives Activities Assessment Safety Other emphasis Lesson 1  Crude oil is a mixture of  Starter Ask pupils what they know about   Artificial  V watching a very large number of Crude oil (5 mins) crude demo Fuels compounds. oil only,  A Listening teacher from  Discuss the make up of Crude oil as to  Most of the compounds demo explanation in crude oil are hydrocarbons. Define hydrocarbons Crude Oil on hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up distillation of hydrogen and carbon  Demo Distillation of crude oil, collect  atoms only. fractions, and show differences in colour viscosity, boiling point.  The many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated  From the results of the distillation expt get into fractions, each of pupils to consider trends in boiling points which contains viscosity and flammability. See diagram in molecules with a similar number of carbon e science C1a cude oil lesson 2 atoms, by evaporating the oil and allowing it to condense at a number  Explain these properties in terms of the number of of different carbon atoms present and the length of the temperatures. This carbon chain. process is called fractional distillation.  Candidates should know and understand the main processes in continuous fractional distillation in a fractionating column.

 Knowledge of the names of specific fractions or fuels is not required. iGCSE Scheme of Work Year 9 Sept 2011

Crude Oil and Fuels Lesson Learning Activities Assessment Safety Other Objectives emphasis Lesson 2 The many  Starter Review the process of separation of crude oil  HW sheet   V seeing on hydrocarbons in from last lesson. animation fractionation Fractional crude oil may be  A listening to  Distillation separated into  RSC video Fractional Distillation (10 mins) explanation fractions, each of  K which contains molecules with a  E science animation Get pupils to add information to similar number of a diagram of a fractionating column on uses, boiling carbon atoms, by point, chain length and viscosity evaporating the oil  Discuss the processes involved in fractional and allowing it to distillation and get pupils to write a paragraph condense at a describing the process, possible peer assessment number of different activity. temperatures. This process is called  Plenary - get volunteers to talk about a key word for fractional distillation. 30 seconds without saying ‘erm’ Candidates should know and Suggested words Fractions, chain length, viscosity, understand the volatility, hydrocarbon, main processes in continuous fractional distillation in a fractionating column. Knowledge of the names of specific fractions or fuels is not required. iGCSE Scheme of Work Year 9 Sept 2011 Module C1a Crude Oil Lesson Learning Objectives Activities Assessment Safety Other emphasis

 Most of the hydrocarbons in  Starter –  crude oil are saturated hydrocarbons called  Introduce Alkanes as simple alkanes. The general hydrocarbons. Introduce the general Lesson 3 formula for the homologous formula for alkanes and explain the series of alkanes is C H n 2n+2. idea of saturated hydrocarbons.

Hydro  Candidates should know that carbons in saturated hydrocarbons all  Pupils use model molecules of the carbon–carbon bonds methane, ethane, propane and are single covalent bonds. butane and draw structures in books, using lines for covalent bonds. Label  Alkane molecules can be represented in the following drawings with formulae and names. forms:  E science worksheet C3.1a 3.2 C2H6

or How do the properties of alkanes depend on the length of the carbon chain?

 Plenary Show me board exercise, show pupils examples of structures  Candidates should know that and formula and ask them to provide in displayed structures a — either the structure or formula. represents a covalent bond.

 Candidates should be able to recognise alkanes from their formulae in any of the forms, but only need to know the names of methane, ethane and propane.

iGCSE Scheme of Work Year 9 Sept 2011

Crude Oil and Fuels

Lesson Learning Objectives Activities Assessment Safety Other emphasis Lesson 4  Most fuels, including  Starter Ask pupils to list as many fuels as they can   coal, contain carbon and/or hydrogen and think of. (5 mins) Burning may also contain some sulfur. The gases Demo products of combustion experiment using fuels released into the  atmosphere when a apparatus shown on p.59. fuel burns may include  Demo Bunsen flame (10 mins) to show carbon carbon dioxide, water (vapour), carbon formed on a gauze. Introduce complete and monoxide, sulfur incomplete combustion. dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. Solid particles (particulates)  Discuss with pupils where these products have may also be released. come from and what elements must be present in  Candidates should be fuels. Ask pupils to work out word and balanced able to relate products equations from observations. of combustion to the elements present in compounds in the fuel  Make notes on elements found in fuels. and to the extent of combustion (whether complete or partial).  Consider what is happening in the equations,  No details of how the introduce the idea that the elements have been oxides of nitrogen are formed are required, oxidised during burning. other than the fact that they are formed at high  Animation Burning propane animation on e-science temperatures.  Solid particles may (10 mins) contain soot (carbon) and unburnt fuels.  Write balanced equations for incomplete combustion  The combustion of hydrocarbon fuels if not already done. releases energy. Give notes on above. During combustion, the carbon and hydrogen in the fuels are oxidised.

iGCSE Scheme of Work Year 9 Sept 2011 Module C1a Crude Oil Lesson Learning Objectives Activities Assessment Safety Other emphasis Homework:  Sulfur dioxide and oxides of  Starter Show the powerpoint slides of  Burn Summary nitrogen cause acid rain, an images of global warming then acid rain sulfur in questions increase in carbon dioxide and ask pupils to link the images in each a fume on p61 results in climate change, case. (5 mins) cupboard Lesson 5 and solid particles cause  Demo Burn sulphur in O2. Add water and global dimming. test pH with universal indicator. Could also burn a small piece of coal to see if sulphur Cleaner  Candidates should know at is present in this. Ask pupils how it is Fuels least one effect of, but are related to burning fuels and what the not required to know details environmental impact is. (5 mins) of any other causes of, acid  Write balanced eqn for this reaction. rain or climate change.  Main Pupils Split into three groups. Each  Sulfur can be removed from group is given enough laptops so 1 fuels before they are burned, between 2. eg in vehicles. Sulfur dioxide The pupils research into one of three can be removed from the environmental impacts from pollution: waste gases after global warming, dimming and acid rain. combustion, eg in power The groups in their pairs find as much info stations. as possible. (15 mins) They then combine the information to  Knowledge of the methods prepare a report to the rest of the class.(10 of removing sulfur is not mins) required. The reports are then given and should include: Causes, chemicals involved, effects, methods of reducing effect. The reports should be three minutes long and involve at least 4 people. (10 mins)

 Plenary : Cross-word iGCSE Scheme of Work Year 9 July 2011 Module C1a Crude Oil Lesson Learning Activities Assessment Safety Other Objectives emphasis Lesson 6  Biofuels, including  Starter Show pupils the Slide show(alternative fuels  Revise for  V seeing biodiesel and ethanol, A and video (alternative fuels B) from e-science. (5 test animation are produced from mins) Alternative plant material, and are  A listening to fuels possible alternatives  Pupils should create a ‘Guide to Fuels’. This should explanation to hydrocarbon fuels. be in alphabetical order, with the name of the fuel,  K spider what/how it is made and advantages and diagram.  Candidates should disadvantages. The students could then rate each know and understand fuel with a 0–5 star to represent how good a fuel they the benefits and disadvantages of think it is. They should consider the three important biofuels in terms of: factors in Column 2 in their Guide(15 mins). o use of renewable  Concept map ‘ What makes a good fuel? Pg 101 ‘ resources Complete Chemistry’ Gallagher and Ingram o their impacts on land use  Pupils should then complete a spider diagram in  their carbon groups of 3 on A4 paper about fuels. Then, in turn, footprint. ask each student to write one point onto the class  Candidates are not diagram on the board or projector (each point should required to have a detailed knowledge of be different). Then ask the students to consider all the methods of the points written and see if they agree or disagree production of biofuels, and why. If students highlight any misconceptions, but should be aware change any incorrect statements. (15-20 mins). that ethanol is produced by fermentation.  Plenary - Pupils plan an advert to go into a magazine on one type of alternative fuels, to persuade people of industry to use it. (15 mins). iGCSE Scheme of Work Year 9 Sept 2011

Crude Oil and Fuels Lesson Learning Objectives Activities Assessment Safety Other emphasis Lesson 7  Hydrogen can be  Starter Hydrogen car video from BMW  Prepare for   burned as a fuel in combustion engines test next Hydrogen as or can be used in fuel  Laptop research lesson – in pairs students lesson. a fuel cells that produce research hydrogen as a fuel in combustion electricity to power engines and in fuel cells and make notes in their vehicles. books.  Candidates should be able to compare the  Students produce a table of Disadvantages and advantages and disadvantages of the advantages of using hydrogen as a fuel. combustion of hydrogen with the  Plenary use of hydrogen fuel cells from information that is provided.

 Candidates should know and understand the benefits and disadvantages of hydrogen fuel in terms of: o storage and use o products of combustion.

 Knowledge of the details of the reactions in fuel cells is not required. iGCSE Scheme of Work Year 9 Sept 2011

Crude Oil and Fuels Lesson Learning Objectives Activities Assessment Safety Other emphasis Lesson 8  Test   