Shannon Luster

11th grade English

Grammar Semester 1 Review

Name: ______Date: ______

Section I. Parts of the Sentence

1. Define subject, predicate, direct object, indirect object, object complement, predicate nominative, and predicate adjective.

a. Subject: the person, place, thing, or idea which is performing the action or the state of being in the sentence

b. Predicate: the same thing as the verb; it reveals the action or the state of being of the subject of the sentence

c. Direct object: receives the action of the sentence; it follows the action verb; it answers what? Or whom?

d. Indirect object: receives the direct object; it is located in between the action verb and the direct object; it answers to whom? For whom? To what? Or for what?

e. Object complement: cannot occur in the sentence with an indirect object; it is located behind the direct object; it answers what? To the direct object

f. Predicate nominative: a noun which follows the linking verb and renames the subject of the sentence

g. Predicate adjective: an adjective which follows the linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence

2. Subjects and Predicates

Select the letter of the choice that identifies the function of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence. a. simple subject c. complete subject b. simple predicate d. complete predicate

5. __B__ 1. The bobcat is found in most areas of the United States.

7. __C__ 2. A very large bobcat will weigh almost forty-five pounds.

9. __A_ 3. Most of them are between two and three feet long. 10.

11. __A 4. One interesting feature is the bobcat’s tail.

13. __D 5. A black stripe runs down the top of its tail.

15. __C__ 6. The fur on the tail is thick.

17. __C__ 7. Most of the bobcat’s hunting occurs at night.

19. __D__ 8. A bobcat can see and hear extremely well.

21. __B__ 9. Bobcats can swim too.

23. __A__ 10. The lynx, a close relative of the bobcat, is more likely to use its swimming skills.

24. Identifying Complements

Select the letter of the term that correctly identifies the function of the italicized word or phrase in each sentence. a. direct object b. indirect object c. object complement d. predicate nominative e. predicate adjective

27. __E__ 11. Bobcats are crafty.

29. __E__ 12. Bobcats are afraid of people.

31. __C__ 13. Scientists consider bobcats fascinating creatures.

33. __D__ 14. The bobcat is a carnivore.

34. 35. __A__ 15. They eat rabbits and hares.

37. __A__ 16. Bobcats attack deer.

39. __B__ 17. The mother bobcat gives her kits food.

40. __A__ 18. Sometimes a bobcat cannot find animals for food.

42. __C__ 19. Then the bobcat finds berries acceptable.

44. __E__ 20. Bobcats must be resourceful.

46. __D__ 21. Bobcats are mammals.

48. __C__ 22. Naturalists consider bobcats threatened.

50. __A__ 23. Naturalists call bobcats a protected species.

52. __B__ 24. Bobcats build themselves homes.

54. __A__ 25. They use grass, moss, and leaves.

56. __A__ 26. Bobcats line the den with this material.

58. __E__ 27. The dens are warm and soft.

60. __C__ 28. Bobcats find their homes comfortable.

62. __E__ 29. The bobcat is well adapted to its environment.

64. __A__ 30. Maybe you can see a bobcat in the wild.

Section II. Subject-Verb Agreement

Making Subjects and Verbs Agree

____ 11. Farmers in America ____ used tractors for decades. a. has

b. have

____ 12. The use of closely spaced front wheels ____ one of the important improvements in tractor design, for it allowed a small turning radius.

a. was

b. were

____ 13. The design of tractors ____ changed a great deal since the Farmall Company made this improvement in 1924.

a. has

b. have

____ 14. Today there ____ many people who collect old tractors.

b. are

____ 15. An old tractor, like many old cars, never ____ all its value.

a. loses

b. lose

____ 16. Many an antique-car show and tractor show ____ restored tractors.

a. displays

b. display

____ 17. There ____ two antique tractors on their way to a rally.

a. goes

____ 18. Collectors’ clubs for just about every brand of tractor ____ in this country.

a. exists

b. exist ____ 19. Tractor-pulling contests ____ a phenomenon that started in the 1950s.

b. are

____ 20. What ____ tractors pull in such a contest?

a. does

____ 21. Around a course ____ tractors pulling heavy weights.

a. goes

____ 22. Thousands of dollars ____ won each year at competitive tractor pulls.

b. are

____ 23. ____ there five divisions of tractor pulling?

b. Are

____ 24. The hobby of many tractor enthusiasts ____ collecting and racing.

b. are

____ 25. Nearly every state and county fair ____ a tractor-pulling contest.

a. sponsors

b. sponsor

____ 26. Fifteen thousand dollars ____ the new car’s sticker price.

a. was b. were

____ 27. On the table ____ a basket of flowers.

a. sits

b. sit

____ 28. Economics ____ a difficult field of study.

b. are

____ 29. The jazz band ____ walking on stage one member at a time.

a. was

b. were

____ 30. The binoculars ____ been in the car since yesterday.

a. has

b. have

____ 31. Dances with Wolves ____ viewers of all ages.

a. captivates

b. captivate

____ 32. The teacher and principal ____ Ms. Thompson.

b. are

____ 33. Every bug, worm, and bird ____ her.

a. fascinates

b. fascinate

____ 34. The mother, as well as her daughter, ____ leaving.

a. is b. are

____ 35. None of the students ____ finished the project.

a. has

b. have

Section III. Verbs

1. Complete the chart.

BASE PRESENT PAST PAST PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE

lie Lying Lay Lain

take Taking Took Taken

go Going Went Gone

see Seeing Saw Seen

sew Sewing Sewed/sewn Sewed/sewn

set Setting Set Set

write Writing Wrote Written

bring Bringing Brought Brought

begin Beginning Began Begun

be, am, is, are Being Was/were been

_____2. The passengers grew restless during the long train ride.

a. action verb b. linking verb

_____3. The colors of the fabrics seemed iridescent in the bright light.

_____4. During the hurricane, the large oak tree blew over.

_____5. Maple trees look beautiful in the autumn.

_____6. Samantha’s birthday cake tasted awful. a. action verb b. linking verb

_____7. An incorrect ZIP code might have delayed the package.

_____8. At the bottom of Carlsbad Caverns, the air feels cold and damp.

_____9. At the break of day, the lion stretched lazily.

_____10. We put the new piano in the corner.

_____11. The gazelle herd was feeding fearlessly in the grass.

_____12. The roast smelled delicious as it cooked in the oven.

_____13. Have you measured the temperature of the water?

_____14. This type of exercise has always been difficult for me.

_____15. The dog feels frisky after its bath.

_____16. The house appeared clean after the new carpet was installed.

_____17. Our class will be _____ the Supreme Court Building.

a. visit b. visiting c. visited

_____18. During the last term, the court _____ on several major cases.

a. split b. splitting c. splits

_____19. The Supreme Court term _____ on the first Monday of each October.

a. begins b. beginning c. began _____20. Although the Court received thousands of petitions for hearings, the Justices have _____ less than 100 cases on their schedule.

a. put b. putting c. puts

_____21. The Justices are _____ their opinions on the latest case.

a. writeb. writing c. written

_____22. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. _____ his term on the U.S. Supreme Court in 1902.

a. begin b. began c. begun

_____23. In 1931, when he was 90, Justice Holmes was still _____ words of wisdom.

a. speaks b. speaking c. spoken

_____24. Students today who _____ to study law will read many of his decisions.

a. choose b. chose c. choosing

_____25. He never _____ from controversy in the early 1900s, saying the law must be expedient for all.

a. shrank b. shrinks c. shrinking

_____26. He had _____ with the mainstream so often that he became known as the “Great Dissenter”.

a. broken b. broke c. break

_____27. He always _____ his belief that “The life of the law has not been logic; it has been experience” into the courtroom.

a. taken b. taking c. took

_____28. His philosophy of judicial restraint _____ into the dominant way of thinking.

a. grew b. grown c. growing 29. Complete the chart using the verb ‘lie’ (reclined position).

TENSE HELPING VERB MAIN VERB

PRESENT TENSE None Lie/lies

PAST TENSE None Lay

FUTURE TENSE Will/shall Lie PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Has/have Lain

PAST PERFECT TENSE Had Lain FUTURE PERFECT TENSE Will/shall have Lain PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE Am/is/are Lying PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE Was/were Lying FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE Will/shall be Lying PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE Has/have been Lying PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE Had been Lying FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE Will/shall have been Lying PRESENT EMPHATIC TENSE Do/does *can Lie

PAST EMPHATIC TENSE Did *could lie

30. Directions: Identify the tense of the underlined verb.

a. present tense h. past progressive tense b. past tense i. future progressive tense c. future tense j. present perfect progressive tense d. present perfect tense k. past perfect progressive tense e. past perfect tense l. future perfect progressive tense f. future perfect tense m. present emphatic tense g. present progressive tense n. past emphatic tense __D___1. Archeologists have discovered Aztec stone temples, as well as metal and pottery artifacts.

__B__2. The Aztecs had a different name for themselves—the Mexica.

__A___3. Archeologists call these books codices.

__C___4. Many of the Aztec artifacts will remain lost forever.

__K___5. The corn had been growing at a record pace until the dry spell. __J___6. Have you been watching the progress of the soybeans?

__I___7. Will they be giving the neighbors any fresh vegetables?

__N___8. They did work hard this year.

__G___9. The birds are eating the seeds we have planted.

__F___10. We shall have finished school by 3:09 this afternoon.

__M___11. I do hope the weather improves tomorrow.

__E__12. I had given all of my notes to my sister before Billy asked for them.

__L__13. By tomorrow they will have been canning tomatoes for two solid weeks!

__H__14. The farmers were hoping for a bountiful harvest.

31. Write active on the line if the sentence is in active voice. Write passive on the line if the sentence is in passive voice.

1. The utility workers repaired the broken cable lines by the end of the day. _____ACTIVE______

2. The slipper was chewed to pieces by the little puppy. ______PASSIVE______

3. The truck was brought to a halt on the side of the interstate. ______PASSIVE____

4. A multitude of engineers collaborated on the new project. ______ACTIVE______

5. The computer was destroyed by a virus that no one could seem to fix. ___PASSIVE______

Section IV. Phrases

Checking Modifiers

Select the letter of the response that describes each sentence.

a. contains a misplaced or dangling modifier

b. correct

__A__ 1. I felt rain walking around the block.

__A__ 2. Only Norma completed the homework.

__A__ 3. After cooking all day, the dinner party was a tremendous success.

__A__ 4. The children sat there watching the television show in their pajamas.

__A__ 5. While swimming in the lake, Jimmy found tiny fish.

__B__ 6. Annoying and dangerous, pet owners detest fleas. __A__ 7. Thomas only drives to school on the days he works.

__B__ 8. The child gave his father a present wearing a big smile.

__A__ 9. The rental agency searched for a car for the man with an adjustable seat.

__A__10. Feeling very hungry, the apple tasted especially good

Directions: Write the letter which best identifies the phrase in bold print.

a. Participial c. Infinitive

b. Gerund d. Appositive

__A___1. She collects figurines made in the thirties.

__B___2. Buying fire extinguishers is a good way to save lives.

__A___3. Practicing constantly, Mike improved his tennis game.

__C___4. Dan has never been one to complain about his problems.

__A___5. Baffling mysteries have plagued scientists for years.

__D___6. Dustin, my science partner, helped me write the lab report.

__C___7. She suggested several books to read before the test.

__A___8. Jim’s goal, getting elected, was achieved through hard work.

__D___9. Mariel, a dancer in her own right, watched the ballerinas dance.

__B___10. Baking brownies is our favorite part of Christmas.

__B___11. There is no excuse for reckless driving.

__D___12. Tom, the actor on the left, lives in my neighborhood.

__A___13. Putting in extra time, Buddy finished the project a day early.

__C___14. The lawyer argued to set the record straight.

__A___15. Laughing at his jokes, we nearly fell off our chairs.