Section 3 Napoleon Forges an Empire

Ch. 11 Review –Napoleon Section 3 – Napoleon Forges an Empire

Napoleon gains power as national hero – How?  Defends National Convention  Defeats Austria  Overthrows gov’t as head of army – Why?  Restores order in France o Supported laws strengthening central government o Stabilized economy o Equality in taxation o Established gov’t run schools – lycees o Reduced corruption in gov’t o Signs concordat with Church o Issues Napoleonic Code o Positions of power based on merit, not family connections  Crowns himself emperor – what does this show? Empire!!!  Sells LA territory to America o Need for $ o Increase American power in opposition to British o Ends losses in America and can focus on Europe  Sets sights on Europe o Three Parts of the Empire . French Empire  Parts of Germany  Annexed Austrian Netherlands and parts of Italy . Dependent states  Conquered territories  Puts family members in charge . Allies  Peace treaties with Russia, Prussia and Austria  Agree to fight against the British  Loses o Battle of Trafalgar . British Navy defeats French by splitting French fleet . Two consequences  Assured supremacy of British Navy  Forced Napoleon to give up plans to invade GB Costly Mistakes  Continental System – Why didn’t this work?  Rise Of Nationalism  Invasion of Russia Napoleon’s Downfall Defeated by Coalition of Austria, Russia, Prussia  Exiled to Elba  Returns when Louis XVIII (18th) loses support of people  2nd reign as emperor lasts 100 days  Loses at Battle of Waterloo  Exiled to St. Helena Ch 12 Sec 2 - The Congress of Vienna Convenes Klemens von Metternich most vocal leader  Three goals o Prevent future French aggression o Restore balance of power o Restore Europe’s royal families to thrones

Major Question – Should France be punished for what Napoleon did?

Three Outcomes of The Congress of Vienna 1. Containment of France o Surrounds France with powerful countries so they couldn’t build another empire  Kingdom of Netherlands  German Confederation  Switzerland  Sardinia and Genoa

2. Balance of Power between the 5 great nations  Principle of Intervention  Great powers could use their armies to put down revolutions in other countries

3. Legitimacy  As many rulers as possible returned to their thrones

Conservatism  Return to old ways

Political Triumph of Congress of Vienna  Fair treatment = no grudges  Lasting peace until 1853  European countries cooperate