Life Science Study Guide: Name:______

Test Date- 1. invertebrate – animal without a backbone

2. vertebrate – animal with a backbone

3. cell- a unit that makes up all living things

4. microorganism – organism too small to be seen without a microscope

5. gene – the code within DNA that has the instructions for building different types of cells

6. inherited traits- human traits that are passed by heredity from one generation to the next

7. learned behaviors-behaviors that an organism develops or learns after it is born 8. classification- the act of grouping things by using a set of rules

9. bacteria-single-celled organisms that do not contain a nucleus

10. virus- a tiny particle that is not living, but can invade cells

11. Vertebrates are sorted into five groups: 1. fish: have gills and scales 2. amphibians: begin life in water and as adults live on land 3. reptiles: lay eggs, have scaly skin 4. birds: have feathers and wings; most fly 5. mammals: have hair; feed milk to their young

11. Give two examples of learned behavior. Riding a bike, throwing a ball, like spaghetti 12. Give two examples of inherited traits. Eye color, hair color, height, face shape

13. How do beneficial microorganisms help your body? 1. Many foods are produced with the help of bacteria, such as yogurt and cheese. 2. Bacteria that live in your intestines help you digest food.

14. What are some examples of harmful microorganisms? Bacteria can cause illnesses such as strep throat. Some bacteria can cause food poisoning. Protists can cause diseases, such as malaria.

15. How can you avoid harmful microorganisms? Wash your hands with soap and water often. Develop other good habits: eat healthy foods, exercise, drink lots of water, get plenty of rest.

16. What is the job of the cell membrane? The cell membrane holds cells together and separates the cell from its surrounding. It allows some substances to pass through the cell while keeping others out.

17. What is cytoplasm? A gel-like material that surrounds the internal parts of a cell

18. What is the job of the nucleus? The nucleus directs cell activity and carries information

19. What are the two parts a plant cell contains that are not in an animal cell? Cell wall-supports and protects the cell; Chloroplast-makes food

20. Plant cell Animal cell