No Notes, No Books; You Can Use Calculators s2

Astronomy 101, Exam #3 D

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No notes, No books; You can use calculators

Constants that you may need to know: c = 3 x 108 m/s 1 AU = 1.49 ×1011 meters 1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 meters

-34 24 30 h = 6.626 x 10 J●s mass of Earth = 5.97 × 10 kg mass of Sun = 1.99 x 10 kg G = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 mass of Moon = 7.35 x 1022 kg mass of Jupiter = 1.90 x 1027 kg g = 9.8 m/s2 radius of Earth = 6.38 × 106 m radius of Jupiter = 7.15 × 107 m σ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters radius of Moon = 1.74 × 106 m

1) Assume that 239U has a half-life of 23 minutes and decays into 239Np. You initially start with 600 grams of pure 239U. How many grams of 239U will you have in 69 minutes?

A) 75 grams B) 150 grams C) 175 grams D) 200 grams E) 300 grams

2) You find a rock that you believe to be a meteorite. You date it using the Rb87-Sr87 dating system where Rb87 decays to Sr87. You calculate its formation age and find it to be 6.5 billion years old. Which is the unlikeliest possible explanation for this age?

A) The rock is from another solar system. B) The age of the rock was calculated incorrectly. C) The rock lost Rb87 D) The rock gained Sr87 E) The rock is from the Earth

3) Assume that 40K has a half-life of 1.25 x 109 years and decays into either 40Ar or 40Ca. You initially start with 1,000 grams of pure 40K. How many grams of 40K will you have in 2.5 x 109 years?

A) 50 grams B) 100 grams C) 125 grams D) 250 grams E) 500 grams Astronomy 101, Exam #3 D

4) Which is true about P- and S-waves?

A) P-waves can travel through liquids while S-waves cannot travel through solid material. B) P-waves cannot travel through liquids while S-waves cannot travel through liquids. C) P-waves cannot travel through a gas while S-waves cannot travel through liquids. D) P-waves can travel through liquids while S-waves cannot travel through liquids. E) P-waves cannot travel through solid material while S-waves cannot travel through liquids.

5) Who was the second man to walk on the Moon?

A) Buzz Aldrin B) Stan Love C) Neil Armstrong D) Tom Jones E) John Glenn

6) The original crust of the Moon is called the Lunar …

A) Maria B) Silles C) Estuaries D) Highlands E) Eclipses

7) The Earth’s magnetic field is believed to be due to the Earth …

A) being located less than two astronomical units from the Sun. B) being hit by the solar wind C) having a liquid, iron-nickel outer core that is rotating. D) having a Moon. E) having an olivine-rich mantle

8) The Frost Line is the distance from the Sun where …

A) metallic iron can first start forming B) olivine can first start forming C) halite can first start forming D) pyroxene can first start forming E) water ice can first start forming Astronomy 101, Exam #3 D

9) What is the density of the Earth? Pick the closest value.

A) 1,500 kg/m3 B) 3,500 kg/m3 C) 5,500 kg/m3 D) 7,500 kg/m3 E) 9,500 kg/m3

10) Which gas is not considered a greenhouse gas?

A) CH4 B) H2O C) O3 D) Ar E) CO2

11) The two most abundant elements in Saturn are …

A) hydrogen and helium. B) iron and hydrogen. C) nitrogen and hydrogen. D) oxygen and carbon. E) nitrogen and oxygen.

12) What are “Hot Jupiters”?

A) Jupiter-sized planets that are found very close to stars B) Jupiter-sized planets that experience many impacts C) Jupiter-sized planets that have many satellites D) Jupiter-sized planets that have rings E) Jupiter-sized planets that are radioactive

13) Which of these objects could potentially produce the largest doppler shifts on the spectral lines of a star?

A) A planet with the mass of Earth that is 10 AU from the star B) A planet with the mass of Earth that is 1 AU from the star C) A planet with the mass of Jupiter that is 0.1 AU from the star D) A planet with a mass that is eleven times that of Jupiter that is 0.5 AU from the star E) A planet with a mass that is ten times that of Jupiter that is 0.1 AU from the star Astronomy 101, Exam #3 D

14) The two most abundant elements in Jupiter are …

15) How many extrasolar planets are currently known? Pick the closest value.

A) 200 B) 400 C) 800 D) 1,000 E) 1,200

16) Put these bodies in order from lowest to highest density. Lowest density  highest density

A) Moon, Earth, Jupiter B) Moon, Jupiter, Earth C) Earth, Moon, Jupiter D) Jupiter, Earth, Moon E) Jupiter, Moon, Earth

17) Why is it easier to see extrasolar planets from Earth in the infrared than in the visible?

A) Planets are hotter than stars B) Stars are not as bright in the infrared while planets tend to be brightest in the infrared C) Stars do not give off light in the infrared D) Planets do not reflect visible light E) Visible light cannot pass through the Earth’s atmosphere

18) Why isn’t C14 dating used to determine the formation ages of meteorites?

A) Carbon is not found in meteorites B) There is too much C14 in the atmosphere C) The Sun produces too much C14 in its atmosphere D) C14 will not decay in space E) The half-life of C14 is too short Astronomy 101, Exam #3 D

19) Which is not a difference between terrestrial planets and Jovian planets?

A) Terrestrial planets are closer to the Sun than Jovian planets B) Terrestrial planets have fewer moons than Jovian planets C) Jovian planets have many rings while terrestrial planets do not have rings D) Terrestrial planets have larger masses than Jovian planets E) Jovian planets are primarily gaseous while terrestrial planets are primarily rocky

20) The hypothesized spherical cloud of comets, which may lie roughly 50,000 AU from the Sun, is called the …

A) Kuiper Belt B) Magellanic Cloud C) Oort Cloud D) Main Belt E) Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

21) A stable isotope of an element …

A) Decays faster than a radioactive isotope of the same element B) Is always more massive than a radioactive isotope of the same element C) Is always less abundant than a radioactive isotope of the same element D) Does not decay to a daughter isotope E) Will have a half-life that is less than an hour

22) Which country has never launched a spacecraft to the Moon?

A) India B) United States C) Japan D) Singapore E) Soviet Union

23) South Pole-Aitken Basin is …

A) the largest crater on the Moon B) the largest crater on Earth C) the supercontinent that existed before the component continents separated from it. D) the mechanically weak region of the upper mantle of the Earth. Astronomy 101, Exam #3 D

E) a type of mineral.

24) Olivine is …

A) the largest crater on the Moon B) the largest crater on Earth C) the supercontinent that existed before the component continents separated from it. D) the mechanically weak region of the upper mantle of the Earth. E) a type of mineral.

25) Pangea is …

A) the largest crater on the Moon B) the largest crater on Earth C) the supercontinent that existed before the component continents separated from it. D) the mechanically weak region of the upper mantle of the Earth. E) a type of mineral.

26) The core of the Moon is predominately made out of …

A) Ni B) Al C) O D) Fe E) Si

27) The transit method discovers planets around other stars by …

A) Looking for decreases in the brightnesses of the stars B) Looking for Doppler shifts of spectral lines C) Looking for increases in the brightnesses of the stars D) Looking for collisions between the planets and the stars E) Looking for gamma-ray emissions from the planets

28) The goal of the Kepler mission is to discover …

A) Earth-sized planets B) Comets C) If there is water on the Moon D) Moon-sized planets Astronomy 101, Exam #3 D

E) The origin of the Earth’s magnetic field

29) The layers of the Earth from the surface to the center are … Surface  center

A) Mantle, core, crust B) Crust, core, mantle C) Crust, mantle, core D) Core, mantle, crust E) Mantle, crust, core

30) The Earth’s crust is predominately made out of …

A) Ni B) Al C) O D) Fe E) Si

31) The Richter Scale measures …

A) The sizes of craters B) The speed of S-waves C) The speed of P-waves D) The magnitudes of earthquakes E) The amount of water on the Moon

32) Why do we think that some meteorites are actually samples of the Moon?

A) The meteorites are radioactive B) We can compare the meteorites to samples returned from the Apollo missions C) The meteorites are primarily composed of carbon D) The meteorites are older than 5.6 billion years E) The meteorites have very high concentrations of Nitrogen

33) Regolith is another name for …

A) the mechanically weak region of the upper mantle of the Earth. B) the Lunar soil Astronomy 101, Exam #3 D

C) the supercontinent that existed before the component continents separated from it. D) The Lunar core E) The fossils found in both South America and Africa

34) What type of rock solidified from molten or partially molten material?

A) Sedimentary B) Limestone C) Metamorphic D) Igneous E) Shale

35) The giant impact hypothesis proposes that the Moon formed after …

A) It was ejected from Mars after a collision B) It was ejected from Mercury after a collision C) A collision between the young Earth and a Mars-sized body D) Two asteroids collided with each other near the Earth E) It was ejected from Venus after a collision

36) Which country or countries have returned samples of the Moon to Earth?

A) Just the United States B) Just the Soviet Union C) Just Japan D) Just the United States, the Soviet Union, and Japan E) Just the United States and the Soviet Union

37) The rings of energetic charged particles around Earth that are held in place by Earth's magnetic field are called the ...

A) Newton Radiation Belts B) Einstein Belts C) Kuiper Belts D) Van Allen Radiation Belts E) Oort Clouds

38) Which of these planets is not considered a Jovian planet?

A) Jupiter B) Uranus Astronomy 101, Exam #3 D

C) Saturn D) Mars E) Neptune

39) The two most abundant elements in the Earth’s atmosphere are …

40) Half-life is defined as …

A) The age of the solar system B) The age of the universe. C) The time it takes for half of a surface to become saturated with craters D) The time it takes for a P-wave to travel to the other side of the Earth E) The time required for half the nuclei in a sample of a specific isotopic species to undergo radioactive decay