Title: Ecological and Genetic Consequences of Fragmentation in a Semiarid Mediterranean

Title: Ecological and genetic consequences of fragmentation in a semiarid

Mediterranean urban forest

Journal name: Urban ecosystems

Authors: Vicente Martínez-López1, 2*, Pilar De la Rúa1, Víctor Manuel Zapata2, Francisco Robledano2

1 Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology. Faculty of Veterinary. University of Murcia.

Murcia, 30100 Spain; 2 Department of Ecology and Hydrology. Faculty of Biology. University of Murcia.

Murcia, 30100 Spain; *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]; phone: +34 86888

4985/ 8031; fax: + 34 868 884906)

Supplementary information Table S1 Biovolume and sex of sampled P. lentiscus individuals ID Population Biovolume Age types Sex (m3) 1 Cantalares natural 1.44 Adult Male 2 Cantalares natural 2.19 Adult Female 3 Cantalares natural 2.36 Adult Male 4 Cantalares natural 4.33 Adult Male 5 Cantalares natural 13.41 Adult Female 6 Cantalares natural 1.85 Adult Male 7 Cantalares natural 4.29 Adult Female 8 Cantalares natural 1.24 Adult Female 9 Cantalares natural 3.55 Adult Male 10 Cantalares natural 0.65 Adult Male 11 Cantalares natural 5.51 Adult Female 12 Cantalares natural 5.04 Adult Male 1 Montepinar 20.96 Adult Male 2 Montepinar 11.99 Adult Female 3 Montepinar 18.78 Adult Female 4 Montepinar 3.31 Adult Female 5 Montepinar 0.64 Adult Male 6 Montepinar 5.67 Adult Female 7 Montepinar 0.20 Adult Female 8 Montepinar 2.31 Adult Female 9 Montepinar 8.45 Adult Female 10 Montepinar 3.52 Adult Female 11 Montepinar 0.50 Adult Female 12 Montepinar 7.29 Adult Female 13 Montepinar 7.26 Adult Female 14 Montepinar 1.22 Adult Female 15 Montepinar 0.27 Adult Male 16 Montepinar 0.48 Adult Male 17 Montepinar 5.83 Adult Male 18 Montepinar 272.63 Adult Female 19 Montepinar 109.51 Adult Male 20 Montepinar 0.04 Juvenile Unknown 21 Montepinar 1.44 Adult Male 22 Montepinar 1.05 Adult Female 23 Montepinar 1.36 Adult Female 24 Montepinar 0.31 Adult Male

Table S2 Bird species detected in Montepinar and Cantalares and their respective densities (Hirundinidae and other flight-feeding species excluded). (1) Species of passerines (order Passeriformes). Within these, legitimate (*) and illegitimate frugivores (**) are differentiated from non-frugivores, according to Herrera (2004)

Montepinar Cantalares

Species Presence Abundance (per ±S Presence Abundance (per ±SE (P) ha) E (P) ha)

Accipiter nisus - - - P 0.21 0.17

Aegithalus caudatus(1) P 1.49 1.21 - - -

Anthus pratensis(1) P 0.21 0.17 P 0.21 0.17

Columba palumbus - - - P 0.64 0.52

Erithacus rubecula (1)* P 0.64 0.30 P 0.21 0.17

Falco tinnunculus - - - P 0.21 0.17

Fringilla coelebs (1)** - - - P 1.06 0.62

Galerida sp.(1) - - - P 0.42 0.35

Motacilla alba(1) - - - P 0.21 0.17

Parus major(1)** - - - P 0.42 0.17

Phoenicurus ochruros - - - P 1.49 0.46 (1)*

Phylloscopus collybita(1) P 2.97 0.17 P 2.33 1.05 Regulus ignicapillus(1) P 0.21 0.17 - - -

Serinus serinus(1)** P 4.24 0.17 P 12.73 0.00

Sturnus unicolor(1)* - - - P 0.64 0.30

Sylvia atricapilla (1)* - - - P 0.21 0.17

Sylvia melanocephala(1)* P 4.88 0.76 P 3.18 0.30

Sylvia undata(1)* P 1.27 0.60 P 0.85 0.69

Turdus merula(1)* - - - P 0.21 0.17

Total abundance 15.92 3.55 25.25 5.65

Table S3 Legitimate frugivorous birds (Herrera, 2004) captured by mist-nettings. Data from the analysis of droppings collected from mist-netted birds. (PIS= Pistacia lentiscus; ASP= Asparagus albus) Species Date Period Location Feaces Numbe Plant samples r of specie seeds s Erithacu 11-15-12 Morning Cantalar Yes 0 - s es rubecula Sylvia 11-15-12 Morning Cantalar No - - melanoc es ephala Erithacu 11-15-12 Morning Cantalar Yes 0 - s es rubecula Erithacu 11-15-12 Morning Cantalar Yes 0 - s es rubecula Phoenic 11-15-12 Morning Cantalar Yes 0 - urus es ochruros Phoenic 11-15-12 Morning Cantalar Yes 0 - urus es ochruros Turdus 11-15-12 Morning Cantalar No - - merula es Erithacu 12-13-12 Morning Montepi No - - s nar rubecula Sylvia 12-13-12 Morning Montepi No - - melanoc nar ephala Erithacu 12-13-12 Morning Montepi No - - s nar rubecula Erithacu 12-13-12 Morning Montepi Yes 0 - s nar rubecula Sylvia 12-13-12 Morning Montepi No - - melanoc nar ephala Phoenic 12-13-12 Morning Montepi Yes 0 - urus nar ochruros Erithacu 12-13-12 Morning Montepi No - - s nar rubecula Sylvia 12-13-12 Morning Montepi Yes 2 PIS melanoc nar ephala Sylvia 12-13-12 Morning Montepi No - - melanoc nar ephala Erithacu 12-15-12 Afternoo Cantalar No - - s n es rubecula Sylvia 12-15-12 Afternoo Cantalar Yes 0 - atricapil n es la Sylvia 12-15-12 Afternoo Cantalar No - - melanoc n es ephala Erithacu 12-15-12 Afternoo Cantalar Yes 0 - s n es rubecula Sylvia 12-15-12 Afternoo Cantalar Yes 1 PIS atricapil n es la Erithacu 12-15-12 Afternoo Cantalar Yes 0 - s n es rubecula Sylvia 12-15-12 Afternoo Cantalar No - - melanoc n es ephala Sylvia 12-15-12 Afternoo Cantalar Yes 1 PIS melanoc n es ephala Erithacu 12-20-12 Morning Cantalar Yes 0 - s es rubecula Sylvia 12-20-12 Morning Cantalar No - - atricapil es la Erithacu 12-20-12 Morning Cantalar Yes 0 - s es rubecula Phoenic 12-20-12 Morning Cantalar Yes 0 - urus es ochruros Sylvia 12-20-12 Morning Cantalar No - - atricapil es la Sylvia 12-20-12 Morning Cantalar Yes 0 - melanoc es ephala Sylvia 12-26-12 Afternoo Montepi No - - melanoc n nar ephala Erithacu 12-26-12 Afternoo Montepi Yes 0 - s n nar rubecula Erithacu 12-26-12 Afternoo Montepi Yes 0 - s n nar rubecula Sylvia 01-15-13 Morning Montepi No - - melanoc nar ephala Sylvia 01-15-13 Morning Montepi No - - atricapil nar la Sylvia 01-15-13 Morning Montepi Yes 2 ASP atricapil nar la Erithacu 01-15-13 Morning Montepi Yes 0 - s nar rubecula Erithacu 01-15-13 Morning Montepi No - - s nar rubecula

Table S4 Data of genetic diversity per locus. Number of alelles; H o, observed heterozygosity; HE, expected heterozygosity; Fis, hibrydization coefficient: NS, no significant (P-valor>0,05; *P-valor<0,05;***P-valor<0,001); and privative alleles

N of alleles Ho HE Fis Privative alleles Montepinar Pislen 21 7 0.667 0.654 0.009NS 3 Pislen 114 4 0.714 0.609 -0.149NS 0 Pislen 501 8 0.714 0.783 0.112NS 0 Pislen 510 6 0.467 0.649 0.312NS 0 Pislen 526 2 0.421 0.465 0.122NS 0 Pislen R05 4 0.381 0.562 0.344** 1 Average 5.00 - - - 0.510 Cantalares Pislen 21 6 0.500 0.720 0.352NS 2 Pislen 114 4 0.727 0.607 -0.151NS 0 Pislen 501 8 0.900 0.805 -0.658NS 2 Pislen 510 6 0.700 0.640 -0.041NS 1 Pislen 526 2 0.364 0.463 0.258NS 0 Pislen R05 3 0.636 0.566 -0.077NS 0 Average 4.83 - - - 0.190 Planted Pislen 21 5 0.667 0.660 0.033NS 1 Pislen 114 4 0.714 0.541 0.040NS 1 Pislen 501 7 0.714 0.792 0.200NS 0 Pislen 510 5 0.467 0.667 0.043NS 1 Pislen 526 3 0.421 0.497 0.203NS 1 Pislen R05 3 0.381 0.538 0.416NS 0 Average 4.67 - - - 0.460