Please READ CAREFULLY and FOLLOW These Directions

L111 EXAM I, Friday, September 16, Fall Semester of 2005

NAME ______KEY______

ID NUMBER ______

Please READ CAREFULLY and FOLLOW these directions:

1] Use a No. 2 lead pencil ONLY

2] Fill out the enclosed SCANTRON SHEET

a) NAME----LAST NAME FIRST b) STUDENT NUMBER in columns A through D c) Do NOT WRITE in the SPECIAL CODES area

3] SIGN THE ANSWER SHEET ACROSS THE TOP MARGIN (above the NAME heading). We will NOT accept any unsigned answer sheets. By signing the answer sheet, you are stating that you have neither given nor received answers or information from another student during the examination.” By signing, you are ALSO confirming that you understand that, if you violate this policy, you will receive a score of “0” for this examination and, depending upon the severity of the offense, may receive an “F” for the L111 course and a letter describing your offense placed in your permanent file in the Dean’s office.

4] READ EACH QUESTION carefully and FILL IN THE CIRCLE that corresponds to the SINGLE BEST ANSWER. NO PARTIAL CREDIT WILL BE GIVEN FOR ANSWERS THAT ARE CORRECT BUT NOT THE BEST ANSWER.

5] The exam consists of 27 questions. Each question is worth 4 points.

6] Questions number 26 and 27 are BONUS questions. If you answer them correctly, each is worth the equivalent of 1 regular question. If you answer them incorrectly, they will not be counted at all.

7] Exams must be turned in by 9:55 AM

8] When you have completed the exam, TURN IN YOUR SIGNED ANSWER SHEET AND THE QUESTIONS to the AI or UTI at the front of the room and SHOW YOUR STUDENT ID CARD. 1. Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection explains which of the following:

a. Phenotype and Genotype. b. Adaptation and diversity. c. The formation of coral reefs. d. The resemblance between offspring and parents. e. B and C.

. 2. Refer to the Figure above. According to Darwin’s theory, which pair of species should be the MOST SIMILAR in phenotype?

a. Species 1 and Species 2. b. Species 2 and Species 3. c. Species 1 and Species 5. d. Species 2 and Species 4. e. Species 3 and Species 5.

3. Referring to the Figure above, TRUE or FALSE: Species 1 and 2 have a more recent common ancestor than Species 1 and 5.

a. TRUE b. FALSE 4. The concept that a weak force over a long period of time can have an effect comparable to that of a stronger force in a much shorter period of time is called: a. Immutability. b. Adaptation. c. Uniformitarianism. d. Gradualism. e. Endemism.

5. TRUE or FALSE: Darwin and Lyell both discussed the ‘Struggle for Existence,” but they used the term in completely different ways. a. TRUE. b. FALSE.

6. Evolution is the study of ______, while Ecology is the study of______

a. Inheritance :: the Balance of Nature. b. Adaptation and Diversity :: Numbers and Distribution. c. Fossils and Geology :: Development and the Environment. d. Extinction and Speciation :: Exponential Population Growth. e. Change and Improvement over time :: Competition and Limiting Resources.

7. After the publication of the Origin of Species, the most significant scientific challenge to Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection came from

a. Genetics and the theory of Blending Inheritance. b. Malthus and his theory of Exponential Population Growth. c. Mendel and his theory of particulate genes. d. Lyell and his theory of Dynamic Geology. e. Viruses and their transmission across species.

8. A scientific theory is

a. A set of tested hypotheses with supporting evidence. b. A well-argued, logical opinion. c. A sincere belief about cause and effect. d. A hard to explain but intuitive idea. e. None of the above.

9. Mendel’s Law of Segregation is based on the observation that

a. Offspring are identical to parents in a pure breeding line. b. Dominant and recessive phenotypes occur in a 3:1 ratio in the P generation. c. Dominant and recessive phenotypes occur in a 3:1 ratio in the F1 generation. d. Dominant and recessive phenotypes occur in a 3:1 ratio in the F2 generation. e. Inheritance of genetic factors is bi-parental and particulate. 10. The phrase, life-history trade-off, is based on the concept of

a. A finite and hazardous environment. b. The capacity for reproduction in excess of replacement. c. An organism cannot do everything well. d. The slow pace of gradual evolution in the face of rapid environmental change. e. None of the above.

11. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a living organism:

a. Adaptation. b. Homeostasis. c. Energy use. d. Cellular organization. e. Motility.

12. If you take pairs of species and plot the number of nucleotide (base pair) differences in the cytochrome c gene against the time since their divergence in the fossil record, the result is This question was “thrown out.” a. A curve of increasing complexity. b. A circle called the wheel of life. c. A straight line called the molecular clock. d. A branching tree of life, similar to Darwin’s Figure in the Origin of Species. e. A phylogenetic tree.

13. The principle of uniformitarianism means

a. Coral reefs are shaped by geological forces. b. The geological forces acting in the past are still acting today. c. With Blending Inheritance, variation is lost from a population and its individuals become uniform. d. There is a slow but constant rate of evolutionary change. e. Each geological era lasted for the same amount of time.

14. TRUE or FALSE: The reproductive capacity of anti-biotic resistance bacteria (ABR) always exceeds that of anti-biotic sensitive bacteria (ABS). a. TRUE. b. FALSE.

15. Human alteration of the environment has changed the selective forces acting on a. Bacteria. b. Viruses. c. Some kinds of insects. d. Weeds. e. All of the above. 16. Viral diseases with endogenous latency a. Die out in a self-limiting epidemic in the human population b. Recur again and again during the life of the infected individual. c. Insert into host somatic cells and can be transmitted to daughter cells. d. Insert into host germ-line cells and is transmitted to offspring. e. Affect only species of primates.

17. Which feature of an endogenous retrovirus makes it useful for evolutionary genetic studies? a. The unique capsid proteins. b. A high rate of infection. c. The greatly reduced size of the viral genome. d. The method of blood-borne transmission. e. The accumulation of mutations in the Long Terminal Repeats.

18. Which of the following are zoonotic infections?

a. HIV, Human Immuno-deficiency Virus. b. Foamy Virus infections in humans. c. HTLV, Human T-lymphotropic Virus. d. All of the above. e. None of the Above.

19. Henslow taught Darwin

a. The importance of reproductive capacity in excess of replacement. b. The importance of gradualism. c. The importance of individual variation. d. The concept of a limited or finite environment. e. A false concept of heredity.

20. The evidence that Henslow influenced Darwin includes which of the following:

a. Darwin’s first herbarium specimens were in Henslow’s collection. b. In his diaries, Darwin mentions Henslow’s ideas. c. Darwin was a student in Henslow’s botany class. d. All of the above. e. None of the above.

21. For a single-trait, Mendelian cross, which of the following statements is FALSE? Both c. and d. are correct. a. The dominant parent and the F1 have identical phenotypes. b. The recessive parent and some F2 have the same genotype. c. The recessive gene is more common in the F2 than in the F1. d. The dominant parent and the F1 have identical genotypes. e. Both Parental and F1 genotypes are present in the F2. 22. Referring to the Figure above, which of the following statements is TRUE about the F2 generation? a. The ratio of yellow-wrinkled::smooth-green offspring will be 1::1. b. There will be 9-times more yellow offspring than green offspring. c. There will be 9-times more smooth offspring than yellow offspring. d. The ratio of smooth::wrinkled will be greater than the ratio of yellow::green. e. The ratio of yellow::green will be 12::1.

23. Which of the following was evidence for Darwin against the immutability of species? a. The resemblance of the living species of South America to the fossils of South America. b. The resemblance of the living species of Europe to the fossils of Europe. c. The unique assemblages of animal and plant species on oceanic islands. d. All of the above e. (b) and (c).

24. Darwin would answer the question, How similar are two species?, by a. Comparing their coloration, morphology and size. b. Comparing their roles in the ecosystem. c. Determining when they last had a common ancestor. d. Determining the size of their respective populations. e. Determining their bio-geographic origin.

25. Darwin believed that his theory would be accepted by

a. His major professor, A. Sedgwick. b. His Botany professor, Henslow. c. His captain, Fitzroy. d. Most eminent paleontologists. e. None of the above. Bonus Questions:

26. TRUE or FALSE: Assuming that the parent generation lines are pure breeding, the number of recessive genetic factors in the F2 is equal to the number of dominant genetic factors.

a. TRUE. b. FALSE.

27. Homologous structures

a. Are the same size and shape. b. Have similar structure and function. c. Can be arranged in a series from simple to complex. d. Have the same evolutionary origin. e. Are fossil traits not present in living species.