FROM THE ‘DEATH OF A FEMALE UNKNOWN’ TO THE LIFE OF MARGARET DOCKERTY: REDISCOVERING A NINETEENTH CENTURY VICTIM OF CRIME Clare Sandford-Couch Helen Rutherford1 Abstract On 1 January 1863, a woman was brutally raped and beaten to death in Newcastle upon Tyne. Her murderer was to be tried, convicted, and finally executed for murder. However, he is not the subject of this piece. Historically, the study of the criminal law has focused too heavily on the perpetrators of crimes. This article attempts to establish the victim, Margaret Dockerty, as an individual and to offer some social, cultural, economic and historical context for, and background to, her life. Keywords: victim, murder, Irish, Newcastle upon Tyne, police surgeon, intemperance, clothing; legal history; social history; microhistory Introduction In the early hours of the New Year 1863, ‘whilst the streets were alive with pedestrians among whom the congratulations of the season were heartily exchanged’,2 a woman was brutally raped and beaten to death in the shadow of the West Walls, Newcastle upon Tyne. It was not a clever or devious crime. There were a number of witnesses and the perpetrator was arrested the next day. He was tried, convicted and executed for murder within a few weeks. However, the murderer is not the subject of this study. Rather, we want to focus on his victim: a woman named Margaret Dockerty.3 The modern perception that criminal law focusses too heavily on the perpetrators of crimes has begun to be readdressed by the development of a subgenre of criminology, victimology.4 The victim has often been described as the ‘forgotten man’ of a criminal-centred system and 1 Dr Clare Sandford-Couch
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[email protected] are solicitors and senior lecturers at Northumbria University.