Chapter 5 Section 2 Turmoil Over Taxation

Chapter 5 Section 2 Turmoil over Taxation

I. New Troubles on the Frontier A. Clashes with Native Americans (1762) 1. English traders move west of the Appalachian Mountains 2. Lord Jeffery Amherst sent to frontier to keep order 3. English raised the price of goods to colonists 4. Built farms and forts on the land B. War on the Frontier 1. Chief Pontiac of Ottawa tribe organizes uprising against forts in the Ohio Valley (Fort Detroit) 2. British and Colonists fight back 3. French cannot help (Treaty of Paris) eventually all tribes return home II. Proclamation of 1763 1. British proclamation to protect Indians in the west 2. No settlers to the west 3. Cost of British troops to enforce 4. Angered colonists: land claimed or settled, pay for troops 5. Settlers ignored proclamation and explored the west (Daniel Boone) III. Britain imposes new taxes 1. Mercantilism: Colonies expected to serve colonial power. Prime Minister Grenville. A. Sugar Act 1764 1. Replaced a higher tax on molasses 2. easier to bring smugglers to jail B. Stamp Act (1765) 1. Legal documents, newspapers, almanacs, playing cards 2. Items stamped when tax was paid IV. Protesting the Stamp Act A. No Taxation with out Representation 1. Protests- they would pay if their elected officials passed the tax B. Uniting in Peaceful Protest 1. United colonists 2. Delegates met in New York City, Stamp Act Congress, signed petition rejecting the stamp act 3. Colonists boycott British goods 4. 1766 parliament repeals the law V. Townshend Acts (1767) 1. Parliament taxes various goods, including tea 2. The tax was small, it was the principle of the matter A. Searching without a Reason 1. Customs officials: inspect ships without reason (Writs of Assistance) 2. Stop smuggling: make colonists pay taxes B. Colonial protests Widen 1. Boycott again 2. Protest groups formed: Sons of Liberty, Daughters of Liberty VI. New Colonial Leaders A. Massachusetts: Samuel Adams: organizer, behind the scenes John Adams: school teacher, lawyer Mercy Otis Warren: wrote political satires against the British B. Virginia: George Washington: protested the Townshend Acts Patrick Henry: lawyer, orator Thomas Jefferson VII Boston Massacre A. A Bloody Night 1. British sent soldiers to protect customs officials 2. Crowd provokes soldiers 3. Panic in soldiers, fire in crowd, kill 5 4. Colonists protest, Paul Revere engraving, Sam Adams leads letter writing, builds outrage. 5. Committee of Correspondence: tool of protest, reporting to other colonies on the events in Massachusetts B. Temporary Calm 1. Parliament repeals most of the Townshend acts 2. Quartering Act repealed 3. Kept tax on tea 4. Britain’s power to tax the colonies