6. FRAGMENTS Highlight and Then Write Down the Numbers of the Fragments

6. FRAGMENTS – Highlight and then write down the numbers of the fragments.

LANCE ARMSTRONG

1] From an early age, cyclist Lance Armstrong demonstrated superior athletic ability and a competitive streak. 2] These qualities helping him win the Kids Triathlon at age 13. 3] At age 16, he became a professional triathlete. 4] Because the cycling part of the triathlon was his favourite. 5] He focused on that discipline and devoted his life to professional cycling. 6] In that sport, he has excelled as national and world champion and as a record-tying five-time winner of the Tour de France. 7] Certainly, one of the all-time great cyclists. 8] His path, however, has not been without obstacles and pain. 9] In October 1996, discovering that he had testicular cancer that had advanced and spread to his brain and lungs. 10] The determination that had carried him through win after win in cycling now kicked in to help him combat the deadly disease. 11] And combat he did. 12] After surgery and chemotherapy, Lance became a cancer survivor. 13] Profoundly affected by his battle for life, he dedicated himself to becoming a spokesperson for cancer. 14] And for awareness and survivorship.

SCUBA DIVING

1] Scuba diving is a popular pastime. 2] Scuba is an acronym; it stands for “self- contained underwater breathing apparatus.” 3] In the fifteenth century, Leonardo da Vinci designed an underwater diving suit. 4] Functional equipment not developed until much later. 5] The eighteenth century brought practical devices for breathing under water. 6] Such as diving suits and diving bells. 7] Wearing these suits, divers could breathe under water even though their mobility was limited. 8] In the twentieth century, Jacques Cousteau and Émile Gagnan solved this problem. 9] By perfecting the aqualung. 10] The aqualung is a cylinder of compressed air. 11] It is worn on the back and connected to a mouthpiece. 12] With an aqualung, divers have both air and mobility. 13] Since 71 percent of the earth’s surface is covered by oceans. 14] Scuba diving opened up a whole new world. KEY LANCE ARMSTRONG

PART II FRAGMENTS – Write down the numbers of the fragments. 2,4,7,9,14

1] From an early age, cyclist Lance Armstrong demonstrated superior athletic ability and a competitive streak. 2] These qualities helping him win the Kids Triathlon at age 13. 3] At age 16, he became a professional triathlete. 4] Because the cycling part of the triathlon was his favourite. 5] He focused on that discipline and devoted his life to professional cycling. 6] In that sport, he has excelled as national and world champion and as a record-tying five-time winner of the Tour de France. 7] Certainly, one of the all-time great cyclists. 8] His path, however, has not been without obstacles and pain. 9] In October 1996, discovering that he had testicular cancer that had advanced and spread to his brain and lungs. 10] The determination that had carried him through win after win in cycling now kicked in to help him combat the deadly disease. 11] And combat he did. 12] After surgery and chemotherapy, Lance became a cancer survivor. 13] Profoundly affected by his battle for life, he dedicated himself to becoming a spokesperson for cancer. 14] And for awareness and survivorship. SCUBA DIVING

PART II FRAGMENTS – Write down the numbers of the fragments. 4,6,9,13

1] Scuba diving is a popular pastime. 2] Scuba is an acronym; it stands for “self-contained underwater breathing apparatus.” 3] In the fifteenth century, Leonardo da Vinci designed an underwater diving suit. 4] Functional equipment not developed until much later. 5] The eighteenth century brought practical devices for breathing under water. 6] Such as diving suits and diving bells. 7] Wearing these suits, divers could breathe under water even though their mobility was limited. 8] In the twentieth century, Jacques Cousteau and Émile Gagnan solved this problem. 9] By perfecting the aqualung. 10] The aqualung is a cylinder of compressed air. 11] It is worn on the back and connected to a mouthpiece. 12] With an aqualung, divers have both air and mobility. 13] Since 71 percent of the earth’s surface is covered by oceans. 14] Scuba diving opened up a whole new world.

PART II FRAGMENTS – Write down the numbers of the fragments.

PENGUINS

1] Although penguins look clumsy on land. 2] They are graceful in the water. 3] Their bodies perfectly suited for swimming and diving. 4] They are a streamlined torpedo shape. 5] Their wings shaped like flippers which penguins use to propel themselves through the water at speeds up to 30 miles per hour. 6] Using their webbed feet to steer. 8] Most penguins can even swim like porpoises. 9] Leaping out of the water to breathe and then diving back in with one graceful motion. 10] Penguins frequently need to dive deep to catch prey. 11] Sometimes descending to depths of over a thousand feet. 12] At that depth, the water pressure can be great enough to collapse lungs. 13] Penguins have special air chambers in their bodies. 14] When a penguin dives, the chambers squeeze, and air is forced into the lungs. 15] The extra air keeps the lungs from collapsing. 16] The chilly waters that penguins prefer would be too cold for most birds. 17] However, penguins are insulated by waterproof feathers and a thick layer of fat.18] Penguins more than make up for being awkward on land. 19] By being perfectly suited for the water.

FASHION

1] If your parents think today’s fashions are weird and unusual. 2] They should see the clothes people wore in the Middle Ages. 3] Patterns of floral or geometric shapes were very popular. 4] Like clothes that were half one color and half another. 5] People often wore heavy leather belts decorated with metal and jewels. 6] Sleeves with streamers that were two or three feet long covering their arms and shoulders. 7] Shoes had long toes that were padded to retain their shape and underneath tights of velvet or silk were worn. 8] Some clothes were edged and lined in fur, and layers were very common in medieval clothing. 9] These elaborate trims were particularly evident in the garments of royalty. 10] People like Henry VIII often wearing fur collared tunics. 11] Clothing was also a way of displaying wealth. 12] The more clothes a person could afford to wear, the wealthier that person was. 13] Wearing a short-sleeved tunic over a long-sleeved tunic, with a sleeveless mantle over all, indicative of wealth. 14] The usual head covering for men was a hood with an attached shoulder cape and a long, extended point, like a tail. 15] Women wearing a neck cloth pinned to their braids that hid their hair. 16] On top of the head, they would wear a veil, a linen crown, or a small, round hat. 17] In the later Middle Ages, women wore jewelled metal nets over their coiled braids. 18] Peasants during the period had only one garment. 19] A kirtle. 20] Which was a long woollen shirt. 21] These were filthy and itchy. 22] And somewhat uncomfortable because they were cold in the winter. 23] In conclusion, fashion today may be unusual, but it is a lot more comfortable than that of the Middle Ages. PENGUINS PART II FRAGMENTS – Write down the numbers of the fragments. 1,3,5,6,11,19

1] Although penguins look clumsy on land. 2] They are graceful in the water. 3] Their bodies perfectly suited for swimming and diving. 4] They are a streamlined torpedo shape. 5] Their wings shaped like flippers which penguins use to propel themselves through the water at speeds up to 30 miles per hour. 6] Using their webbed feet to steer. 8] Most penguins can even swim like porpoises. 9] Leaping out of the water to breathe and then diving back in with one graceful motion. 10] Penguins frequently need to dive deep to catch prey. 11] Sometimes descending to depths of over a thousand feet. 12] At that depth, the water pressure can be great enough to collapse lungs. 13] Penguins have special air chambers in their bodies. 14] When a penguin dives, the chambers squeeze, and air is forced into the lungs. 15] The extra air keeps the lungs from collapsing. 16] The chilly waters that penguins prefer would be too cold for most birds. 17] However, penguins are insulated by waterproof feathers and a thick layer of fat.18] Penguins more than make up for being awkward on land. 19] By being perfectly suited for the water.

FRAGMENTS – Highlight the fragments 1,4, 6,10,13,15,19,20,22

1] If your parents think today’s fashions are weird and unusual. 2] They should see the clothes people wore in the Middle Ages. 3] Patterns of floral or geometric shapes were very popular. 4] Like clothes that were half one color and half another. 5] People often wore heavy leather belts decorated with metal and jewels. 6] Sleeves with streamers that were two or three feet long covering their arms and shoulders. 7] Shoes had long toes that were padded to retain their shape and underneath tights of velvet or silk were worn. 8] Some clothes were edged and lined in fur, and layers were very common in medieval clothing. 9] These elaborate trims were particularly evident in the garments of royalty. 10] People like Henry VIII often wearing fur collared tunics. 11] Clothing was also a way of displaying wealth. 12] The more clothes a person could afford to wear, the wealthier that person was. 13] Wearing a short-sleeved tunic over a long-sleeved tunic, with a sleeveless mantle over all, indicative of wealth. 14] The usual head covering for men was a hood with an attached shoulder cape and a long, extended point, like a tail. 15] Women wearing a neck cloth pinned to their braids that hid their hair. 16] On top of the head, they would wear a veil, a linen crown, or a small, round hat. 17] In the later Middle Ages, women wore jewelled metal nets over their coiled braids. 18] Peasants during the period had only one garment. 19] A kirtle. 20] Which was a long woollen shirt. 21] These were filthy and itchy. 22] And somewhat uncomfortable because they were cold in the winter. 23] In conclusion, fashion today may be unusual, but it is a lot more comfortable than that of the Middle Ages.