Quarter 3 Study Guide

Name: ______Quarter 3 Study Guide Directions: Complete all questions. Use this as a guide for what you should study from our unit on ancient Greece and what we have learned so far about ancient Rome. Quarterly test will be Monday, 3/17!

1. Define the following types of government:  Monarchy-  Tyranny-  Oligarchy-  Aristocracy-  Theocracy-  Democracy- o Direct Democracy- o Representative Democracy (republic)-

2. Fill in the blanks to describe the political development of ancient Athens. First, the government of Athens was a(n) ______, in which a king had all the power. Next, the government changed to a(n) ______when a small group of wealthy citizens overthrew the king. Then, the government turned into a(n) ______when one powerful man took over. Finally, the Athenians decided to reject the other forms of government and turn to a(n) ______, where all citizens had power.

2. Describe how democracy worked in ancient Athens. (Who could vote, who had power, etc.)

3. How were the governments of Athens and Sparta different?

4. What else was different about Athens and Sparta? (were women treated differently? Children?)

5. Who was Alexander the Great?

6. Why is Alexander the Great significant, or important to history? 7. How is Alexander the Great an example of CULTURAL DIFFUSION?

8. What elements of ancient Greek culture did you learn about in this unit?

9. What are some lasting impacts that ancient Greek philosophy has had on our world today?

10. What other elements of ancient Greek culture can still be seen in our world today?

11. How did the geography of ancient Rome impact their economy? (think crops they could sell, trade routes, etc.)

12. What were some advantages of the geography of Rome to the ancient Roman people?

13. Describe the origins of Rome (myth and reality).

14. Compare and contrast the Roman Empire to the Roman Republic. *MAP SKILLS PRACTICE* The Peloponnesian War Directions: Read the paragraphs below and study the map carefully. Then answer the questions that follow. The two Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens maintained an uneasy existence in the fifth century BCE Spartan discipline, militarism, and aristocratic rule were in direct opposition to creative, vibrant, and democratic Athens. The immediate cause of the Peloponnesian War was Athenian expansion onto the island of Corcyra in 431 BCE, which threatened the Spartan ally of Corinth. The coastal city of Athens, without a strong army, used its navy to raid the Spartan coast, supply the city of Athens, and maintain contact with its allies. On the other hand, the landlocked Spartans ravaged the countryside with their army, forcing the Athenians to hide within their city walls. A truce was finally arranged in 421 BCE. However, Athens broke the peace in 415 b.c. with a poorly planned attack on Syracuse, a Spartan ally located on the island of Sicily. The invasion failed miserably, and the Spartans, with their new ally of Persia, eventually forced the surrender of Athens in 404 BCE. The entire Greek world, though, felt the loss as the Greek city-states began a continuous period of decline.

1. Name the three bodies of water that form the backdrop for the Spartan and Athenian campaigns.

2. Which city-state seemed to have the geographical advantage? Why?

3. Does Athens or Sparta have more geographic area on the map?

4. Which city-state appears to control the Greek peninsula? 5. Why was this war called the Peloponnesian War?

6. Compare the location of Sparta and its allies to Athens and its allies. Who seems to have the advantage in this category?