Final review questions: ch 13-15
1. How does RNA differ from DNA?
2. How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?
3. In eukaryotes, functional messenger RNA molecules are made from A. exons spliced together after introns are removed. B. introns spliced together after exons are removed. C. exons spliced together with introns. D. long pieces of RNA shortened by the Dicer enzyme.
4. Use the diagrams below to answer the question.
Mutant 2 is a(n) A. deletion. B. translocation. C. inversion. D. duplication.
5. Use the diagrams below to answer the question.
Mutant 1 is a(n) A deletion. B translocation. C inversion. D duplication.
6. Promoters are
7. Use the chart below to answer the questions. Which of the following codons signifies the end of translation? A CAA B UGA C AUC D CCA
8. Use the chart in #7, which of the chains of amino acids corresponds to the nucleotide sequence UCAAGCGUA? A. glu-cys-pro B. glu-asp-"stop" C. thr-arg-met D. ser-ser-val chapter 14 9. Which of the following disorders can be observed in a human karyotype? A. colorblindness B. trisomy 21 C. cystic fibrosis D. sickle cell disease
10. Which of the following disorders is a direct result of nondisjunction?
A. sickle cell disease
B. Turner's syndrome
C. Huntington's disease D. cystic fibrosis
11. A woman is homozygous for A– blood type. A man has AB– blood type. What is the probability that the couple's child will have type B– blood? A 0% B 50% C 75% D 100%
12. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by a A single base substitution in the gene for hemoglobin. B deletion of an amino acid from a chloride channel protein. C defective gene found on the X chromosome.
D trisomy of chromosome 21.
13. The technique used to separate DNA strands of different lengths is A gel electrophoresis. B restriction enzyme digestion.
C shotgun sequencing. D bioinformatics.
14. The study of whole genomes, including genes and their functions, is called
15. DNA can be cut into shorter sequences by proteins known as
16. A student traced the recurrence of a widow's peak hairline in her family. Based on her interviews and observations, she drew the pedigree shown below.
Which pattern of inheritance is consistent with the pedigree? A sex-linked inheritance B complete dominance
C codominance D multiple alleles
17. What are the probable genotypes of the student's parents? A Mother—Ww; Father—ww
B Mother—ww; Father—ww
C Mother—WW; Father—Ww
D Mother—Ww; Father—Ww
Chapter 15 18. Polyploidy may instantly produce new types of organisms that are larger and stronger than their diploid relatives in A animals. B plants.
C bacteria. D fungi
19. Which of the following characteristics does NOT apply to a plasmid? A made of DNA
B found in bacterial cells C has circular loops
D found in animal cells
20. To separate DNA fragments from one another, scientists use A polymerase chain reaction. B DNA microarrays.
C gel electrophoresis. D restriction enzymes.
21. Restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules A into individual nucleotides. B at random locations. C at short sequences specific to each type of enzyme.
D into equal-sized pieces.
22. The expression of thousands of genes at one time can be followed using A polymerase chain reaction. B plasmid transformation.
C restriction enzymes. D DNA microarrays.
23. Genetically engineered crop plants can benefit farmers by A reducing the amount of land that is required to grow them. B introducing chemicals into the environment. C increasing an animal's resistance to antibiotics.
D changing the genomes of other crop plants.
24. Genetic markers allow scientists to A clone animals. B separate strands of DNA.
C synthesize antibiotics. D identify transformed cells.
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25. The graph below shows the number of accurate copies of DNA produced by polymerase chain reaction.
What can you conclude about cycles 18 through 26? A. PCR produced accurate copies of template DNA at an
exponential rate. B. The amount of DNA produced by PCR doubled with each cycle. C. The DNA copies produced by PCR were not accurate copies of the original
DNA template. D. The rate at which PCR produced accurate copies of template DNA fell in later
cycles.