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High Performance Microwave Integrated Filters for 5G Applications High Performance Microwave Integrated Filters for 5G Applications by Jiacheng Zhang A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2019 Jiacheng Zhang Abstract A 71-76GHz millimeter-wave filter is designed and implemented in a multilayer LTCC module to help attenuate the side spur signal level. The filter is aimed to be embedded in a novel E-band architecture designed at Huawei for millimeter-wave signal communication application. The goal of the filter is to help reduce the third harmonic and fourth harmonic leakage of the LO signal from tripler into the RF channel. Through measurement, for -15dBm received signal power, the 3rd and 4th harmonic leakage levels sof the LO signal is around -25dBc, and both of their frequency range are very close to the transmission band. The designed bandpass filter attenuates the 3rd and 4th harmonic signal power down to -50dBc with a low filter order and small physical size. Unfortunately, access to the fabricated filter was not possible due to existing political tension between the US government and Huawei. The fabricated filter was not shipped to Ottawa, and as a result, it was not measured. A second bandpass filter operating at 10GHz is fabricated using Rogers4360 substrate for measurement and validation. The measurement results show some deviations with simulation results. The center frequency shifts from 10GHz to 11.25GHz. Through analysis, the milling depth of the fabrication process affects the measurement result. In our test, a 0.243mm milling depth causes the filter center frequency shift to 11.25GHz. ii Acknowledgments First, I’d like to thank professor Rony Amaya and professor Jim Wight. As my supervisor and co-supervisor, they make a great contribution to my graduate study. I still remember when I took professor Jim Wight’s PLL class, and I was fascinated by the way he teaches. So, at that time, I decided to become a research-based student. I must thank professor Amaya for providing me the funding and the chance to work in Huawei. As a Chinese citizen, I am so happy and very proud to work in this world-famous Chinese company. I must thank Morris Repeta and Wenyao Zhai. Morris, as my manager in Huawei, assisted me in solving many problems from the start of my internship to the end. Wenyao, as my colleague and a former student of Carleton University, gives me a lot of guidance on filter design. I want to thank Kerwin Johnson for reviewing my paper and giving me a lot of guidance. Besides that, I admire his attitude towards life very much. I am really impressed that he has never used a mobile phone in his life. It is not easy to live a quiet and undisturbed life today, but he did it. There are also many other people I must give my thanks to. I must thank all the millimeter- wave team member for their kindness help. This made me understand the importance of the team. Trying to ask for help is sometimes the right choice. 最后我要感谢我的父母， 感谢你们对我的教育，定不负厚望。 iii Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. ii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. iv List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures .................................................................................................................. vii List of Abbreviations and Symbols ................................................................................ xi Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................. 12 1.1 Motivation and Overview ........................................................................................ 12 1.2 Thesis Contribution .................................................................................................. 15 1.3 Organization ............................................................................................................. 15 Chapter 2: Background knowledge .......................................................................................... 17 2.1 E-band System Architecture..................................................................................... 17 2.2 Spurious signals effect ............................................................................................. 22 2.3 Microwave Component Design ................................................................................ 27 2.4 Resonator design ...................................................................................................... 30 2.5 Summary .................................................................................................................. 33 Chapter 3: Filter design ............................................................................................................ 34 3.1 General description .................................................................................................. 34 3.2 Filter classes ............................................................................................................. 36 3.3 Filter Synthesis ......................................................................................................... 41 3.4 Summary .................................................................................................................. 49 Chapter 4: Filter Implementation ............................................................................................. 51 4.1 Resonator Design ..................................................................................................... 52 4.2 Extract External Quality Factor ................................................................................ 53 iv 4.3 Extract Coupling Coefficient ................................................................................... 55 4.4 Filter design and simulation ..................................................................................... 60 4.5 Monte Carlo Analysis .............................................................................................. 63 4.6 Summary .................................................................................................................. 66 Chapter 5: Measurement ........................................................................................................... 67 5.1 Fabrication and measurement .................................................................................. 67 5.2 Analysis of performance .......................................................................................... 70 Chapter 6: Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 75 6.1 Summary .................................................................................................................. 75 6.2 Thesis Contribution .................................................................................................. 75 6.3 Future work .............................................................................................................. 76 Reference ......................................................................................................................... 78 v List of Tables Table 2-1 Low 1st IF at 9 GHz; 2nd LO at 21, 21.5, 22 GHz ............................................ 22 Table 2-2 Midband 1st IF at 11 GHz; 2nd LO at 20.33, 20.83, 21.33 GHz ....................... 23 Table 2-3 High 1st IF at 13 GHz; 2nd LO at 19.67, 20.16, 20.67 GHz .............................. 25 Table 2-4 Spur Signal Analysis ........................................................................................ 26 Table 2-5 Filter specification ............................................................................................ 27 Table 3-1 Element Values for Butterworth Lowpass Prototype Filters [4] ...................... 42 Table 3-2 Element Values for Chebyshev Lowpass Prototype Filters [4] ........................ 43 Table 3-3 Element values for Four-Pole Prototype ( = ) ............................... 44 Table 3-4 Element values for Six-Pole Prototype ( ��= −����) ................................. 44 Table 4-1 Compare with system spec and each filter�� performance−���� .................................. 63 Table 5-1 Simulation Versus Measurement ...................................................................... 70 vi List of Figures Figure 1-1 The electromagnetic spectrum [4] ................................................................... 13 Figure 1-2 Rain attenuation in dB/km across frequency at various rainfall rates[5] ........ 14 Figure 1-3 atmospheric absorptions across mm-wave frequencies in dB/km[6] .............. 14 Figure 2-1 System block representation ........................................................................... 18 Figure 2-2 the physical structure of UDC ......................................................................... 19 Figure 2-3 system block of UDC ...................................................................................... 20 Figure 2-4 the physical structure of Active Antenna ........................................................ 21 Figure 2-5
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