Electronic Supplementary Material s35

Electronic Supplementary Material

Crop Feeding by Brown Howlers (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in Forest Fragments: The

Conservation Value of Cultivated Species

Óscar M. Chaves ∙ Júlio César Bicca-Marques

Table SI Abundance of cultivated species near the edge of three small Atlantic forest

fragments in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil

No. of trees No. of trees Family Species Total no. of treesa sampledb exploited

S1 S2 S3 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3

Exploited by howlers

Rutaceae Citrus reticulata 5 (2) 9 (3) 2 (1) 7 2 4 6 — Ebenaceae Diospyros kaki — 6 (2) 2 (1) 2 5 — 5 2 Rosaceae Eriobotrya japonica 3 (2) 7 (2) 1 (1) 7 1 1 4 — Myrtaceae Psidium guajava 11 (2) 9 (3) 2 (2) 7 2 5 7 1 Araucariaceae Araucaria angustifoliac 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) — — — 1 1 Rutaceae Citrus sinensisc 3 (1) — — — — 1 — —

Nonexploited by howlers

Rutaceae Citrus limon 5 (2) 14 (3) 2 (1) — — — — — Myrtaceae Eugenia uniflora 4 (2) 11 (4) 6 (2) — — — — — Musaceae Musa acuminata 48 (2) 18 (1) — — — — — — Lauracae Persea americana 1 (1) 3 (2) — — — — — — Rosaceae Prunus persica 1 (1) 2 (1) — — — — — — Poaceae Saccharum officinarum 35 (1) — — — — — — —

Total 12 11 10 6 23 9 11 23 4 a Total number of adult trees, i.e., fruit-producing trees, found in the orchards near each study fragment (in parentheses). b Number of trees included in phenological survey. c Species not included in phenological survey.

Table SII Sex–age composition of study groups from 2012 to 2014

Fragmen t Group compositiona A J #CF AM F SM SF M JF I Group size Ib

S1 2012 2 3 1 — 2 — 1 9 6 2013 1 2 1 — 2 — — 6 4 2014 1 1 — — 2 — 1 5 3 S2 2012 2 3 1 — 3 1 2 12 7 2013 1 3 1 — 3 1 1 10 6 2014 1 3 1 — 3 1 3 12 7 S3 2012 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 9 5 2013 1 3 1 — 3 — 1 9 6 2014 1 3 — — 3 2 1 10 6 a Age classes: A = adult, S = subadult, J = juvenile, I = infant. Sexes: M = male, F = female. b Number of crop feeding individuals (except infants) per group, i.e., those that exploited ripe fruits of Psidium guajava, Citrus reticulate, and Diospyros kaki in each year. Fig. S1 Percentage of total feeding records devoted by brown howlers to the consumption of ripe fruits of cultivated species (bars) and their availability expressed as mean phenological index (PI; small numbers within the graph) in each fragment. PI ranges from 0 (absence of fruit) to 4 (76-100% of the crown covered by fruits). Psidium guajava (italics), Citrus reticulata (underlined), Eriobotrya japonica (normal), and Diospyros kaki (bold).