<p> Electronic Supplementary Material</p><p>Crop Feeding by Brown Howlers (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in Forest Fragments: The</p><p>Conservation Value of Cultivated Species</p><p>Óscar M. Chaves ∙ Júlio César Bicca-Marques</p><p>Table SI Abundance of cultivated species near the edge of three small Atlantic forest </p><p> fragments in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil</p><p>No. of trees No. of trees Family Species Total no. of treesa sampledb exploited</p><p>S1 S2 S3 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3</p><p>Exploited by howlers</p><p>Rutaceae Citrus reticulata 5 (2) 9 (3) 2 (1) 7 2 4 6 — Ebenaceae Diospyros kaki — 6 (2) 2 (1) 2 5 — 5 2 Rosaceae Eriobotrya japonica 3 (2) 7 (2) 1 (1) 7 1 1 4 — Myrtaceae Psidium guajava 11 (2) 9 (3) 2 (2) 7 2 5 7 1 Araucariaceae Araucaria angustifoliac 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) — — — 1 1 Rutaceae Citrus sinensisc 3 (1) — — — — 1 — —</p><p>Nonexploited by howlers</p><p>Rutaceae Citrus limon 5 (2) 14 (3) 2 (1) — — — — — Myrtaceae Eugenia uniflora 4 (2) 11 (4) 6 (2) — — — — — Musaceae Musa acuminata 48 (2) 18 (1) — — — — — — Lauracae Persea americana 1 (1) 3 (2) — — — — — — Rosaceae Prunus persica 1 (1) 2 (1) — — — — — — Poaceae Saccharum officinarum 35 (1) — — — — — — —</p><p>Total 12 11 10 6 23 9 11 23 4 a Total number of adult trees, i.e., fruit-producing trees, found in the orchards near each study fragment (in parentheses). b Number of trees included in phenological survey. c Species not included in phenological survey.</p><p>Table SII Sex–age composition of study groups from 2012 to 2014</p><p>Fragmen t Group compositiona A J #CF AM F SM SF M JF I Group size Ib</p><p>S1 2012 2 3 1 — 2 — 1 9 6 2013 1 2 1 — 2 — — 6 4 2014 1 1 — — 2 — 1 5 3 S2 2012 2 3 1 — 3 1 2 12 7 2013 1 3 1 — 3 1 1 10 6 2014 1 3 1 — 3 1 3 12 7 S3 2012 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 9 5 2013 1 3 1 — 3 — 1 9 6 2014 1 3 — — 3 2 1 10 6 a Age classes: A = adult, S = subadult, J = juvenile, I = infant. Sexes: M = male, F = female. b Number of crop feeding individuals (except infants) per group, i.e., those that exploited ripe fruits of Psidium guajava, Citrus reticulate, and Diospyros kaki in each year. Fig. S1 Percentage of total feeding records devoted by brown howlers to the consumption of ripe fruits of cultivated species (bars) and their availability expressed as mean phenological index (PI; small numbers within the graph) in each fragment. PI ranges from 0 (absence of fruit) to 4 (76-100% of the crown covered by fruits). Psidium guajava (italics), Citrus reticulata (underlined), Eriobotrya japonica (normal), and Diospyros kaki (bold).</p>