DOCSLIB.ORG

Geologic Evolution of Trail Ridge Eolian Heavy-Mineral Sand and Underlying Peat, Northern Florida

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geologic Evolution of Trail Ridge Eolian Heavy-Mineral Sand and Underlying Peat, Northern Florida Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Geology and Geography Faculty Publications Geology and Geography, Department of 1989 Geologic Evolution of Trail Ridge Eolian Heavy-Mineral Sand and Underlying Peat, Northern Florida Eric Force U.S. Geological Survey Fredrick J. Rich Georgia Southern University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/geo-facpubs Part of the Geography Commons, and the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Force, Eric, Fredrick J. Rich. 1989. "Geologic Evolution of Trail Ridge Eolian Heavy-Mineral Sand and Underlying Peat, Northern Florida." U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1499: 1-23 Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. source: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1499 https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/geo-facpubs/117 This article is brought to you for free and open access by the Geology and Geography, Department of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geology and Geography Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Geologic Evolution of Trail Ridge EoMmn Peat, Northern Florida AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the cur- rent-year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Sur- vey publications released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publications that are listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" are no longer available. Prices of reports released to the open files are given in the listing "U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports," updated month- ly, which is for sale in microfiche from the U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. Reports released through the NTIS may be obtained by writing to the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161; please include NTIS report number with inquiry. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL D , OVER THE COUNTER Books Books Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications of general in- Books of the U.S. Geological Survey are available over the terest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single copies of Earthquakes counter at the following Geological Survey Public Inquiries Offices, all & Volcanoes, Preliminary Determination of Epicenters, and some mis- of which are authorized agents of the Superintendent of Documents: cellaneous reports, including some of the foregoing series that have gone out of print at the Superintendent of Documents, are obtainable by mail from WASHINGTON, D.C.-Main Interior Bldg., 2600 corridor, 18th and CSts.,NW. U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports DENVER, Colorado-Federal Bldg., Rm. 169,1961 Stout St. Federal Center, Box 25425 LOS ANGELES, California -Federal Bldg., Rm. 7638,300 N. Denver, CO 80225 Los Angeles St. MENLO PARK, California-Bldg. 3 (Stop 533), Rm. 3128, Subscriptions to periodicals (Earthquakes & Volcanoes and 345 Middlefield Rd. Preliminary Determination of Epicenters) can be obtained ONLY from RESTON, Virginia-503 National Center, Rm. 1C402,12201 the Sunrise Valley Dr. SALT LAKE CITY, Utah-Federal Bldg., Rm. 8105,125 Superintendent of Documents South State St. Government Printing Office SAN FRANCISCO, California-Customhouse, Rm. 504,555 Washington, D.C. 20402 Battery St. - SPOKANE, Washington~U.S. Courthouse, Rm. 678, West (Check or money order must be payable to Superintendent of Docu- 920 Riverside Ave. ments.) ANCHORAGE, Alaska~Rm. 101,4230 University Dr. ANCHORAGE, Alaska-Federal Bldg, Rm. E-146,701 C St. Maps For maps, address mail orders to U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution Maps Federal Center, Box 25286 Maps may ^ purchased over ^ counter at the U.S. Geologi- Uenver, CO 80225 caj Sm^gy offices where books are sold (all addresses in above list) and at the following Geological Survey offices: Residents of Alaska may order maps from ROLLA, Missouri-1400 Independence Rd. Alaska Distribution Section, U.S. Geological Survey, . DENVER, Colorado-Map Distribution, Bldg. 810, Federal New Federal Building-Box 12 Center 101 Twelfth Ave., Fairbanks, AK 99701 . FAIRBANKS, Alaska-New Federal Bldg., 101 Twelfth Ave. Geologic Evolution of Trail Ridge Eolian Heavy-Mineral Sand and Underlying Peat, Northern Florida By ERIC R. FORCE and FREDRICK J. RICH U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1499 The peat underlying ilmenite ore sand is a synchronous fades and records the approach of the eolian dune UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1989 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Force, Eric R. Geologic evolution of Trail Ridge eolian heavy-mineral sand and underlying peat, northern Florida. (U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1499) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.16: 1499 1. Heavy minerals Florida Trail Ridge. 2. Sand Florida Trail Ridge. 3. Peat Florida Trail Ridge. 4. Eolian pro- cesses Florida Trail Ridge. 5. Geology Florida Trail Ridge. I. Rich, Fredrick J. II. Title. III. Series. QE364.2.H4F67 1989 553.4'6 88-607931 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract............................................................................ 1 Nature of Trail Ridge Lignitic Peat....................................... 7 Introduction....................................................................... 1 General description....................................................... 7 Previous work.................................................................... 2 Petrography ................................................................ 8 Nature of the Trail Ridge ilmenite ore sand ............................ 3 Palynology................................................................... 9 Areal distribution and geologic relations........................... 3 Age........................................................................... 10 Sequence and structure ................................................. 4 The sand component of Trail Ridge peat.......................... 10 Sand morphology and grain size ...................................... 5 Depositional relation of Trail Ridge peat and sands ................. 14 Heavy minerals............................................................ 6 Paleogeographic reconstruction............................................ 15 Heavy-mineral variation with sedimentary structure .......... 6 Acknowledgments.............................................................. 15 Origin......................................................................... 7 References 15 ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURE 1. Location of Trail Ridge shown on a satellite thermal image............................................................................................. 2 2. Cross-sectional profile of Trail Ridge........................................................................................................................... 2 3. Diagrams showing lithologic features, percent leucoxenized ilmenite, and percent Ti0 2 in altered ilmenite, Trail Ridge ore body................................................................................................................................................................ 3 4. Photograph showing humate pseudobedding in Trail Ridge sand...................................................................................... 4 5. Photograph showing Trail Ridge ilmenite ore sand........................................................................................................ 5 6. Circular diagram of azimuths and magnitude of crossbed dip in Trail Ridge ilmenite ore sand .............................................. 5 7. Topographic map showing Trail Ridge localities discussed in the text............................................................................... 6 8. Scanning electron microscope photographs of grains from the Trail Ridge ore sand............................................................. 7 9. Photomicrograph of thin section of Trail Ridge ilmenite ore sand..................................................................................... 8 10. Photograph of laminae alternately rich and poor in heavy minerals .................................................................................. 8 11. Graphs comparing adjacent laminae rich and poor in heavy minerals ................................................................................ 9 12. Graphs showing palynological and maceral constituents of peat in core RTR2 .................................................................... 11 13. Photomicrograph
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The I\,Iagnetic Separation of Soi'ie Alluvial I,Iinerals in I'ialaya*
    THE AMERICAN MINERAI,OGIST, VOL. 41, JULY AUGUST, 1959 THE I\,IAGNETIC SEPARATION OF SOI'IE ALLUVIAL I,IINERALS IN I'IALAYA* B. H. FnNrant, Minerals Eramination Diaision, GeologicalSurttey D epartment, F'ederotion of M al,aya. Assrnlcr This paper presents the results of a seriesof magnetic separationswhich have been in- vestigated {or a number of minerals occurring in X{alayan alluvial concentrates.The pur- pose of the investigations was to establish,by the isolation of individual mineral species,a reproducible and reliable method for the identification and quantitative estimation of minerals in alluvial concentrates examined by the Geological Survey in Malaya In par- ticular was sought the isolation of columbite from ubiquitous ilmenite. All the separations were made on the small, highly sensitive Frantz Isodynamic Model L-1 laboratory separa- tor, The minerals which have been successfully separated include ailanite, anatase, andalu- site (and chiastolite), arsenopyrite, brookite, cassiterite,columbite, epidote, gahnite, garnet (pink), ilmenite, manganeseoxide (51.6/e Mn), monazite, pyrite, rutile, scheelite,siderite, staurolite, thorite, topaz, tourmaline, uranoan monazite, wolframite, xenotime, and zircon. PnocBpunp When using an inclined feed, the Frantz Isodynamic separator (see Figs. 1(A) & (B)) hasthree inherent variables. These are the field strengLh (current used),the sideslope, and the forward slope. 5;6s $lope wdrd 511)Pe (A) (B) Irc. 1. Diagrammatic representation of side slope and forward slope. The field strength is increasedby means of a rheostat which raises the current from zero in stagesof 0.05 amps. to 1.4 amps. Early in the investigationsit was decidedthat stepsof 0.1 amp. would be sufficiently gradual.
    [Show full text]
  • INCLUSIONS in AQUAMARINE from AMBATOFOTSIKELY, MADAGASCAR Fabrice Danet, Marie Schoor, Jean-Claude Boulliard, Daniel R
    NEW Danet G&G Fall 2012_Layout 1 9/27/12 11:31 AM Page 205 RAPID COMMUNICATIONS INCLUSIONS IN AQUAMARINE FROM AMBATOFOTSIKELY, MADAGASCAR Fabrice Danet, Marie Schoor, Jean-Claude Boulliard, Daniel R. Neuville, Olivier Beyssac, and Vincent Bourgoin grams of translucent to transparent beryl were pro- duced, as well as several tonnes of opaque material In January 2012, aquamarine crystals containing for industrial use. While only a very small percentage interesting inclusions were extracted from the Am- was suitable for faceting, several hundred aqua- batofotsikely area northwest of Antsirabe, Mada- marines in the 1–35 ct range have been cut. In April gascar. These specimens displayed various types 2012, one of the authors (FD) traveled to the locality of eye-visible and microscopic inclusions, and and obtained representative samples. some had an unusual form. Raman microspec- troscopy identified reddish brown plate lets as Location and Geologic Setting. The workings are lo- hematite, while ilmenite was found as black cated less than 1 km north of Ambatofotsikely (a village platelets, black needles, and distinctive dark gray now locally known as Ambatofotsy Carole), 22 km dendrites. Similar inclusions are known in beryl north-northwest of Ankazomiriotra, and 74 km north- from Brazil, India, Mozambique, and Sri Lanka. west of Antsirabe. The deposit is centered at coordinates 19°27.662¢S, 46°27.450¢E, at an elevation of 1,010 m. The site is accessed by a paved road (RN 34) from ining activity near the central Malagasy village Antsirabe to a point 16 km west of Ankazomiriotra. of Ambatofotsikely was first documented nearly From there, a trail extends 15 km to Ambatofotsikely.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineralogy and Origin of the Titanium
    MINERALOGY AND ORIGIN OF THE TITANIUM DEPOSIT AT PLUMA HIDALGO, OAXACA, MEXICO by EDWIN G. PAULSON S. B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1961) SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY May 18, 1962 Signature of At r . Depardnent of loggand Geophysics, May 18, 1962 Certified by Thesis Supervisor Ab Accepted by ...... Chairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate Students M Abstract Mineralogy and Origin of the Titanium Deposit at Pluma Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Mexico by Edwin G. Paulson "Submitted to the Department of Geology and Geophysics on May 18, 1962 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." The Pluma Hidalgo titanium deposits are located in the southern part of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico, in an area noted for its rugged terrain, dense vegetation and high rainfall. Little is known of the general and structural geology of the region. The country rocks in the area are a series of gneisses containing quartz, feldspar, and ferromagnesians as the dominant minerals. These gneisses bear some resemblance to granulites as described in the literature. Titanium minerals, ilmenite and rutile, occur as disseminated crystals in the country rock, which seems to grade into more massive and large replacement bodies, in places controlled by faulting and fracturing. Propylitization is the main type of alteration. The mineralogy of the area is considered in some detail. It is remarkably similar to that found at the Nelson County, Virginia, titanium deposits. The main minerals are oligoclase - andesine antiperthite, oligoclase- andesine, microcline, quartz, augite, amphibole, chlorite, sericite, clinozoi- site, ilmenite, rutile, and apatite.
    [Show full text]
  • Weathering of Ilmenite from Granite and Chlorite Schist in the Georgia Piedmont
    American Mineralogist, Volume 87, pages 1616–1625, 2002 Weathering of ilmenite from granite and chlorite schist in the Georgia Piedmont PAUL A. SCHROEDER,* JOHN J. LE GOLVAN, AND MICHAEL F. RODEN Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2501, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Ilmenite grains from weathering profiles developed on granite and ultramafic chlorite schist in the Georgia Piedmont were studied for evidence of morphological and chemical alteration. Ilmenite- rich concentrates from the fine sand (90–150 mm) component were studied to test the assumption that there is no difference between ilmenite in the parent rock and that in colluvium delivered to primary drainage systems. Ilmenite grains in the granite profile are rounded to subhedral, and commonly contain hematite exsolution blebs. Dissolution pits are observed along the boundaries of the exsolution blebs, with goethite occurring as an alteration product. Ilmenite grains in the schist profile occur as fractured anhedral grains with uncommon lamellae of rutile. Grain fractures are filled with goethite and he- matite, particularly in the B-horizon. Ilmenite from the granite profile is Mn rich (7–15 mol% MnTiO3), whereas ilmenite from the schist profile contains only 1–2 mol% MnTiO3 and up to 8 mol% MgTiO3. Two populations of grains develop in both profiles. Grains with abundant exsolution blebs and fractures alter through a proposed two-step reaction mechanism. It is proposed that il- menite first undergoes a solid-state transformation to pseudorutile via an anodic oxidation mecha- nism. Oxidized Fe and Mn diffuse from the structure and precipitate as goethite and MnO2. Pseudorutile is ephemeral and undergoes incongruent dissolution to form anatase, hematite, and goethite.
    [Show full text]
  • Porphyry Deposits
    PORPHYRY DEPOSITS W.D. SINCLAIR Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth St., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0E8 E-mail: [email protected] Definition Au (±Ag, Cu, Mo) Mo (±W, Sn) Porphyry deposits are large, low- to medium-grade W-Mo (±Bi, Sn) deposits in which primary (hypogene) ore minerals are dom- Sn (±W, Mo, Ag, Bi, Cu, Zn, In) inantly structurally controlled and which are spatially and Sn-Ag (±W, Cu, Zn, Mo, Bi) genetically related to felsic to intermediate porphyritic intru- Ag (±Au, Zn, Pb) sions (Kirkham, 1972). The large size and structural control (e.g., veins, vein sets, stockworks, fractures, 'crackled zones' For deposits with currently subeconomic grades and and breccia pipes) serve to distinguish porphyry deposits tonnages, subtypes are based on probable coproduct and from a variety of deposits that may be peripherally associat- byproduct metals, assuming that the deposits were econom- ed, including skarns, high-temperature mantos, breccia ic. pipes, peripheral mesothermal veins, and epithermal pre- Geographical Distribution cious-metal deposits. Secondary minerals may be developed in supergene-enriched zones in porphyry Cu deposits by weathering of primary sulphides. Such zones typically have Porphyry deposits occur throughout the world in a series significantly higher Cu grades, thereby enhancing the poten- of extensive, relatively narrow, linear metallogenic tial for economic exploitation. provinces (Fig. 1). They are predominantly associated with The following subtypes of porphyry deposits are Mesozoic to Cenozoic orogenic belts in western North and defined according to the metals that are essential to the eco- South America and around the western margin of the Pacific nomics of the deposit (metals that are byproducts or poten- Basin, particularly within the South East Asian Archipelago.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcite Marble and Dolomite of Eastern Vermont
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR BULLETIN 589 THE CALCITE MARBLE AND DOLOMITE OF EASTERN VERMONT BY T. NELSON DALE WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1915 CONTENTS. Page. Preface, by David White.................................................... 5 Intrpduction................................................................ 7 Bibliography............................................................... 8 Geographic distribution...................................................... 9 Deposits by counties and towns.............................................. 10 Franklin County........................................................ 10 Richford........................................................... 10 Bakersfield......................................................... 11 Lamoille County........................................................ 11 Waterville......................................................... 11 Johnson............................................................ 12 Washington County...................................................... 14 Moretown............................................................ 14 Orange County......................................................... 15 Topsham........................................................... 15 Washington......................................................... 17 Addison County.......................................................... 19 Hancock..................................:.......................
    [Show full text]
  • The Magnetite-Series and Ilmenite-Series Granitoids in Chile
    MINING GEOLOGY,30(3),183•`190,1980 The Magnetite-series and Ilmenite-series Granitoids in Chile Shunso ISHIHARA*and Carlos E. ULRIKSEN** Abstract: Paleozoic and Mesozoic-Cenozoic granitoids of the Chilean Andes were studied magnetically in the area between Latitude 22-35•KS. The Paleozoic granitoids are found to be composed of the ilmenite-series and weakly magnetic magnetite-series, whereas all the Mesozoic-Cenozoic ones appear to be the magnetite-series. Lack of significant sulfide deposits in the Paleozoic terrains may have been resulted from the reducing nature of the granitic magmatism. Within the magnetite-series terrains of Mesozoic-Cenozoic age, magnetic susceptibility of the granitoids seems to increase continentward. Granitoids related to porphyry copper deposits in the Andean Cordillera have higher magnetic susceptibility than those occurring in the Coast Range which could be genetically associated with manto-type deposits. The different styles of mineralization may possibly be in consequence of the different oxidation status of the granitic magmatism. areas are shown in Figure 1. Introduction Granitoids in Chile Granitoids in the Chilean Andes are dis- tributed continuously from the Peruvian coast Granitoids of Chile occupy about 30 percent batholiths (18•KS) to the southern tip of South of the total land area and occur as large America (54•KS) for more than 4,000 km. These batholiths to small intrusive plugs which may granitoids range in composition, from quartz have brought the effusive equivalents to the diorite to granite, and show different mode of surface along the Andean orogenic belt. Their occurrence, from catazonal to epizonal. Some exposure is seen in two lanes in the northern of the epizonal granitoids are associated with half (18-38•KS); one along the coast while the well-known prophyry copper and manto-type other in the Andean Cordillera.
    [Show full text]
  • Tungsten Minerals and Deposits
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Bulletin 652 4"^ TUNGSTEN MINERALS AND DEPOSITS BY FRANK L. HESS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 25 CENTS PER COPY CONTENTS. Page. Introduction.............................................................. , 7 Inquiries concerning tungsten......................................... 7 Survey publications on tungsten........................................ 7 Scope of this report.................................................... 9 Technical terms...................................................... 9 Tungsten................................................................. H Characteristics and properties........................................... n Uses................................................................. 15 Forms in which tungsten is found...................................... 18 Tungsten minerals........................................................ 19 Chemical and physical features......................................... 19 The wolframites...................................................... 21 Composition...................................................... 21 Ferberite......................................................... 22 Physical features.............................................. 22 Minerals of similar appearance.................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Review and New Data from Wadi Kareim 2
    1 Petrological and Geochemical Characteristics of Egyptian Banded Iron Formations: 2 Review and New Data from Wadi Kareim 3 4 K. I. Khalil1, and A. K. El-Shazly2* 5 6 1 Geology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Moharram Bey, Alexandria, 7 Egypt 8 2 Geology Department, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Dr., Huntington, WV 25755 9 10 *Corresponding Author (e-mail: [email protected]). 11 12 # of words in text: 8307 13 # of words in references: 2144 14 15 Abbreviated title: Egyptian BIFs 16 17 Abstract 18 19 The banded iron formations in the eastern desert of Egypt are small, deformed, bodies 20 intercalated with metamorphosed Neoproterozoic volcaniclastic rocks. Although the 13 21 banded iron deposits have their own mineralogical, chemical, and textural characteristics, 22 they have many similarities, the most notable of which are the lack of sulfide and paucity of 23 carbonate facies minerals, a higher abundance of magnetite over hematite in the oxide 24 facies, and a well-developed banding/ lamination. Compared to Algoma, Superior, and 25 Rapitan type banded iron ores, the Egyptian deposits have very high Fe/Si ratios, high Al2O3 26 content, and HREE-enriched patterns. The absence of wave-generated structures in most of 27 the Egyptian deposits indicates sub-aqueous precipitation below wave base, whereas their 28 intercalation with poorly sorted volcaniclastic rocks with angular clasts suggests a 29 depositional environment proximal to epiclastic influx. The Egyptian deposits likely formed in 30 small fore-arc and back-arc basins through the precipitation of Fe silicate gels under slightly 31 euxinic conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Ilmenite Basalt 738.7 Grams
    12062 Ilmenite Basalt 738.7 grams Figure 1: Photo of lunar sample 12062,0 showing large zap pit with black glass lining. Scale is in cm. NASA #S69-61661. Introduction 12062 is an subophitic ilmenite basalt with high percentage of pyroxene and medium grain size (figure 2). It has not been dated. Petrography Mineralogical Mode for 12062 Neal et al. (1994) analyzed 12062 and studied a covered Neal et thin section, but couldn’t determine mineral contents. al. 1994 From the mineral mode and the chemical composition, Olivine - - Pyroxene 57 they determined that 12062 is an ilmenite basalt with Plagioclase 32.2 ophitic to sub-ophitic texture with grain size about 1 Ilmenite 0.3 mm. Chromite +Usp 5.2 mesostasis 3.5 “silica” 1.4 Lunar Sample Compendium C Meyer 2011 Figure 2: Photomicrograph of thin section 12062,9. Scale about 3 cm. NASA #S70-30255. Chemistry Other Studies The chemical composition of 12062 was determined Bogard et al. (1971) reported the content and isotopic by Neal et al. (1994) who obtained values for K and composition of rare gases in 12062. Th similar to the whole rock values determined by Rancitelli et al. (1971). There aee 7 thin sections. Radiogenic age dating 12062 has not been dated. List of Photo #s for 12062 S69-61600 – 61662 Cosmogenic isotopes and exposure ages S69-60860 – 60883 mug Rancitelli et al. (1971) determined the cosmic ray S70-49524 TS induced activity of 22Na (33 dpm/kg), 26Al (76 dpm/ S70-49843 – 49846 TS kg) and 54Mn (33 dpm/kg). S70-49528 – 49533 TS Lunar Sample Compendium C Meyer 2011 1000 12062 100 sample/ chondrite 10 1 0.1 La CePr Nd SmEu Gd TbDy Ho Er TmYb Lu Figure 4: Rare-earth-element composition of 12062 (from Neal et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Processing of Ores of Titanium, Zirconium, Hafnium, Niobium, Tantalum, Molybdenum, Rhenium, and Tungsten: International Trends and the Indian Scene
    High Temperature Materials and Processes, Vol 9, Nos. 2-4,1990 Processing of Ores of Titanium, Zirconium, Hafnium, Niobium, Tantalum, Molybdenum, Rhenium, and Tungsten: International Trends and the Indian Scene N.P.H. Padmanabhan, T. Sreenivas, and N.K. Rao Ore Dressing Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre AMD Complex, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 218 1. INTRODUCTION 218 2. TITANIUM 219 2.1. International Scenario 219 2.1. Indian Scene 220 3. ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM 224 3.1. International Scenario 224 3.2. Indian Scene 227 4. NIOBIUM-TANTALUM 227 4.1. International Scenario 227 4.2. Indian Scene 229 5. MOLYBDENUM-RHENIUM 229 5.1. International Scenario 229 5.2. Indian Scene 237 6. TUNGSTEN 238 6.1. International Scenario 238 6.2. Indian Scene 240 7. CONCLUSIONS 245 REFERENCES 246 217 Vol. 9, Nos. 2-4,1990 Processing of Ores of Titanium, Zirconium, Hafnium, Niobium, Tantalum, Molybdenum, Rhenium, and Tungsten ABSTRACT computers, telecommunications, and superconducting The current international status and Indian scene materials, have brought a host of new metals and on the resource position and processing practice of materials into the limelight. Although they were the strategically important transition metals—titan- known to exist in nature, they were not until recent- ium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, molyb- ly considered to be of much use to mankind. These denum, rhenium, and tungsten—are briefly reviewed. include a number of transition group elements and With the exception of molybdenum these metals are rare earth metals. Due to their special physical, strongly lithophilic, forming stable oxide and silicate chemical, and nuclear properties, newer and more minerals that are resistant to weathering processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Chromite-Ilmenite Associations in The
    THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST, VOL. 54, SEPTEMBER OCTOBER, 1969 SOME CHROMITE-ILMENITE ASSOCIATIONSIN THE MERENSKY REEF, TRANSVAAL1 Cunrsropnrn A. Lrcc, Deparlrnentof Mining Geology, Royal,School of Mines, Lond,onz. Aasrnlcr Microscopy showed five types of relation of ilmenite to chromite in the Merensky platin- iferous horizon of the Bushveld Complex: (1) irregular grains of ilmenite in py'roxenite without chromite, (2) ilmenite-rutile grains enclosed in chromite, (3) Lamellae of ilmenite in chromite with a selvage of low-ferric chromite with low reflectivity, (4) Skeletal and pseudographic intergrowths of ilmenite with chromite, again with low-iron borders, and (5) Massive aggregates oI large grains of ilmenite and chromite. As the ferric oxide con- tent (and reflectivity) of the chromite increases, rutile is superceded by iJmenite as the titanium-bearing phase. The ilmenite lamellae may have formed by oxidation of ulvospinel, and the ferric- poor chromite was segregated at the contact. Conditions of high temperature, low oxygen fugacity, and very slow cooling were required. IrvtnonucrroN During a mineralogical study of chromite from the chrome bands of the Merensky Reef, the platiniferous horizon in the upper part of the Critical Zone of. the Bushveld Igneous Complex of the Transvaal, de- scribedby Beath, Cousinsand Westwood(1961), some interesting occur- rencesof ilmenite in associationwith chromite were observed. The sam- ples were studied in reflectedlight, and by X-ray diffraction and electron- probe micro analysis. All reflectivity measurements quoted were made using the method of Santokh Singh (1965) on a Reichert photomultiplier fitted to a Reichert Zetopan ore microscope.Measurements were made at a wavelength of 520 nanometers against a carborundum standard.
    [Show full text]