Honors Chemistry
General Guidelines for Study 1. Be familiar with common polyatomic ions. 2. Understand Periodic Table basics (groups, families, trends) 3. Study vocabulary terms from each chapter) 4. Rework homework, worksheet, or practice test problems as necessary.
Chapter 7- Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds 1. Chemical formulas 2. Write chemical formulas (Given the charges of the ions) 3. Know all systems for naming compounds (binary-stock system-prefix system) 4. Know how to name common acids 5. Know when to use -ic or –ous for some common elements (cupric Cu+2 cuprous Cu+1) 6. Calculate the formula/molecular mass, calculate moles, grams, ions, molecules. 7. Calculate percent composition, determine empirical and hydrate formulas 8. Calculate molecular formulas
Chapter 8 - Chemical Equations and Reactions 1.Translate chemical equations into word and formula equations. 2. Write balanced chemical eauations from word or formula equations. 3. Define and write general equations for synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement and combustion reactions. 4. Given any reaction, classify it as one of the five types of reactions.
Chapter 9 - Stoichiometry 1. Distinguish between composition stoichiometry and reaction stoichiometry. 2. Define mole ratio and identify the mole ratio for any two substances in a chemical reaction. 3. Calculate masses/moles of products and/or reactants in mass-mass, mole-mole, mole-mass and mass-mole reaction-stoichiometry problems. . 4. Calculate the mass or moles of products, given moles/masses of reactants. 5. Define theoretical yield, actual yield and percent yield.
Chapter 10 – States of Matter 1. Describe both liquids and solids according to the kinetic theory. 2. Explain the properties of liquids and solids according to the particle model. 3. Name, describe and give examples of the four changes of state. 4. Explain changes of equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's Principle. 5. Interpret phase diagrams. 4. Explain how the molecular structure of water accounts its physical properties. 5. Calculate heat problems using Joules = mass(change in temperature)specific heat
Chapter 11 - Gases 1. List the five assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases. 2. Describe the characteristic properties of gases: fluidity, expansion, low density and compressibility. 3. Define diffusion and effusion. 4. Describe the differences between an ideal gas and a real gas 5. Know the four variables that describe the state of a gas 6. Describe the relationships between these variables under various conditions (i.e., if pressure and number of moles are constant, what is the relationship between temperature and volume?) 7. Use all gas laws in calculations with temperature and pressure conversions.
Chapter 12 - Solutions 1. Distinguish between Heterogeneous and Homogeneous mixtures 2. Distinguish between suspensions, colloids, and solutions. 3. List three different solute-solvent combinations. 4. Distinguish between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. 5. List and explain the factors that affect the rate of dissolving. 6. Explain solution equilibrium. 7. Distinguish between unsaturated, saturated and supersaturated solutions. 8. Explain the term “likes dissolve in likes”. 9. List the three interactions involved in dissolving and explain why the enthalpy of solution is endo or exothermic. 10. Compare the effects of temperature and pressure on solubility of solids, liquids, and gases. 11. Know how to solve concentration problems (% Mass, ppm, molarity, molality, dilution)
Chapter 13 – Ions in Aqueous Solutions & Colligative Properties 1. Write equations for dissolution of solute ions 2. Write dissociation equations for solute. 3. Prediction of formation of precipitates using solubility table and write ionic, net ionic and list spectator ions 4. Distinguish between strong and weak electrolytes 5. Know what colligative properties are. 6. Calculate the freezing point depression and boiling point elevation and solution molarities with adding nonelectrolytes and electrolytes to a pure solution.
Chapter 14 – Acids & Bases 1. List the five general properties of acids & bases. 2. Name common binary and oxyacids given their formulas. 3. Define acids & bases according to Arrhenius theory, Bronsted-Lowry theory and Lewis. 4. Describe conjugate acid and bases. 5. Explain neutralization reactions. 6. Describe self-ionization of water and define pH. 7. Explain the pH scale. + - 8. Given [H3O ] and [OH ] find pH and visa versa. 9. Explain how to carry out an acid-base titration.
Chapter 18 – Equilibrium (Pg 598-603 top) 1. Define chemical equilibrium. 2. Define Le Chatelier’s principle. 3. Be able to predict the direction of shift in an equilibrium equation when changing pressure, temperature and concentrations.