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Habitat Quality, Competition and Recruitment Processes in Two Marine Gobies

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Habitat Quality, Competition and Recruitment Processes in Two Marine Gobies HABITAT QUALITY, COMPETITION AND RECRUITMENT PROCESSES IN TWO MARINE GOBIES By JACQUELINE A. WILSON A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2004 Copyright 2004 by Jacqueline A. Wilson This work is dedicated to my father, Robert J. Wilson, and my husband, Brian R. Farber. Their love, support and encouragement kept me going and allowed me to finish. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, C. Osenberg, for his insights, knowledge, contribution to my intellectual development, and endless guidance and editing of my dissertation. I must also acknowledge that the experimental design, analysis, and interpretation of this work were influenced by discussions with B. Bolker as well as the St. Mary/Osenberg/Bolker labs. I am also grateful for logistical help at the University of Florida from D. Julian, and for the work done in collaboration with L. Vigliola. I would like to thank entire dissertation committee, C. Osenberg, B. Bolker, R. Holt, C. St. Mary, and W. Lindberg (and L. McEdward, who was involved in the initial development of this work), for their knowledge, guidance, and helpful comments on my dissertation. I am also grateful to R. Warner for the use of his lab and field equipment in St. Croix. I would like to thank B. Farber for his assistance in the field and endless support throughout this project. I am particularly thankful to S. Savene, M. Kellogg and T. Adam for their tremendous help in the field. I am also grateful to my family and friends who made this work possible and for the support that I received in St. Croix from the Bidelspachers and members of the R. Warner, K. Clifton and J. Godwin labs. This work was supported by funding from an EPA STAR Fellowship, and grants from the PADI Foundation, Project AWARE and Sigma Xi. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................x ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................1 Proposed Work .............................................................................................................9 Future Work................................................................................................................11 2 ASSESSMENT OF HABITAT QUALITY: DETERMINING PROCESSES THAT DRIVE SPATIAL VARIATION IN SURVIVAL AND SETTLEMENT OF TWO SPECIES OF MARINE GOBIES ..............................................................18 Introduction.................................................................................................................18 Methods ......................................................................................................................21 Experimental Procedures.....................................................................................21 Study species ................................................................................................21 Experimental design.....................................................................................22 Experimental set-up 1: 2000 ........................................................................23 Experimental set-up 2: 2001 ........................................................................24 Experimental set-up 3, 4 & 5: 2002 .............................................................25 Settlement surveys........................................................................................26 Analyses ..............................................................................................................27 Survival ........................................................................................................27 Covariation among settlement level and habitat quality ..............................28 Attributes of quality .....................................................................................29 Results.........................................................................................................................31 Survival................................................................................................................31 Covariation Among Habitat Quality and Settlement...........................................32 Attributes of Quality............................................................................................32 Discussion...................................................................................................................33 v 3 SETTLEMENT DYNAMICS AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF TWO SPECIES OF GOBIES, ELACATINUS EVELYNAE AND E. PROCHILOS.............51 Introduction.................................................................................................................51 Methods ......................................................................................................................54 Study System.......................................................................................................54 Settlement Patterns ..............................................................................................55 Experimental Design ...........................................................................................56 Analyses ..............................................................................................................58 Competitive Ability.............................................................................................59 Results.........................................................................................................................60 Settlement Patterns ..............................................................................................60 Competitive Ability.............................................................................................62 Discussion...................................................................................................................64 4 AGE CLASS COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS IN A MARINE GOBY, ELACATINUS PROCHILOS ......................................................................................83 Introduction.................................................................................................................83 Methods ......................................................................................................................85 Experimental Design ...........................................................................................85 Experimental Set-Up ...........................................................................................87 Analyses ..............................................................................................................87 Results.........................................................................................................................88 Discussion...................................................................................................................90 5 AGE AND GROWTH OF TWO SPECIES OF MARINE GOBIES BASED ON OTOLITH ANALYSES ...........................................................................................100 Introduction...............................................................................................................100 Methods ....................................................................................................................105 Study System.....................................................................................................105 Sampling............................................................................................................106 Otolith Analysis.................................................................................................107 Validation of Daily Increments .........................................................................108 Settlement Marks...............................................................................................109 Application of Back-Calculation Models..........................................................111 Comparison of Back-Calculation Models .........................................................111 Results.......................................................................................................................113 Validation of Daily Increments .........................................................................113 Settlement Marks...............................................................................................113 Back-Calculation Models ..................................................................................114 Discussion.................................................................................................................117 6 SUMMARY, IMPLICATIONS, AND CONCLUSIONS........................................138 Summary and Overview of Experimental Work ......................................................138 vi Implications: Speculation About Mechanisms of Coexistence ................................141
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