Proposed Journal: Polar Biology – Original paper
Temporal variation in the diet of Gentoo penguins at the Falkland Islands
Jonathan M Handley1*, Alastair M M Baylis2,3, Paul Brickle4,5, Pierre Pistorius1
1 DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Campus, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa *[email protected] Tel: +27 (0)83 291 4690 Fax: +27 (0)41 504 2317
2 Falklands Conservation, P.O. Box 26, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands
3 Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, 3280, Australia
4South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Box 609, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands
5Falkland Islands Government Fisheries Department, P.O. Box 598, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands Online Resource 1 Regression equations for relationships between hard part remain (LRL = lower rostral length; LHL = lower hood length; oto = otolith length) and squid or fish, (1) length (DML = dorsal mantle length; TL = total length) and (2) mass (M) for prey taxa found in gentoo penguin stomach contents at Cow Bay, Falkland Islands.
Authors: A) Clarke (1986). B) Xavier & Cherel (2009). C) Clausen & Huin (2002). D) This study. E) Huin (2005)
Table 1 Length
Name Hard part Reconstituted i Rang e Species Common Code (FIFD) (mm) N (measured) Length ii r2 Authors Squid Gonatus antarcticus NA GON NA NA DML (mm): DML = 12.82 + 19.02(LRL) NA A Loligo gahi Loligo/Patagonian squid LOL NA 446 DML (mm): ln(DML) = 4.23 + 1.01ln(LRL) NA B 0.4 - Moroteuthis ingens Greater hooked squid DML (cm): DML = (LRL x 3.1161) + 7.9934 ING 7 367 0.87 C Semirossia patagonica Mickey mouse/Bobtail squid SRP 1.5 1 DML (mm): LHL x 13.45 NA D Fish 1.3 - Champsocephalus esox Icefish CHE 2.5 6 TL (cm): 7.7785 + (oto x 4.9837) 0.97 D 3.1 - Cottoperca gobio Frogmouth TL (cm): 0.2092 x (oto2.6871) CGO 6.3 52 0.9 C 11 - Dissostichus eleginoides Patagonian toothfish TOO 17.6 20 TL (cm): 3.5358 x (oto1.2189) 0.74 D 11 - Macruronus magellanicus Whiptail hake/Hoki WHI 25.2 12 PLiii (cm): 0.4117 x (oto1.4208) 0.96 D Micromesistius australis Southern blue whiting BLU NA NA TL (cm): (oto x 2.5405) – 2.1599 NA D 0.8 - Rock cod Patagonotothen ramsayii PAR 8.8 1131 TL (cm): (oto x 4.2731) – 4.9164 0.88 C Patagonotothen tessellata Rock cod PTE NA NA TL (cm): oto x 2.9174 NA E 1.4 - Salilota australis Red cod TL (cm): 0.5928 x (oto1.5095) BAC 4.9 12 0.87 C 0.7 - Sprattus fugensis Falkland herring TL (cm): (oto x 5.7029) + 4.8981 SAR 4.9 649 0.79 C Table 2 Mass
Name Hard part Reconstituted A N Species Common Code (FIFD) Range (mm) (measured) Mass (g) r2 Authors Squid ln(M) = 0.086 + Gonatus antarcticus NA GON NA NA 2.13ln(LRL) NA A ln(M) = 2.25 + Loligo gahi Loligo/Patagonian squid LOL NA 446 2.39ln(LRL) NA B M = (LRL x 2.7799) x Moroteuthis ingens Greater hooked squid ING 0.4 - 7 367 4.1559 NA E Semirossia patagonica Mickey mouse/Bobtail squid SRP 1.5 1 M = LHL x 1.45 NA D Fish D Champsocephalus esox Icefish CHE 1.3 - 2.5 6 M = 8.8399 x (oto1.604) 0.97 C M = 3.77 x (10-5 x Cottoperca gobio Frogmouth CGO 3.1 - 6.3 52 oto8.6794) 0.9 D Dissostichus eleginoides Patagonian toothfish TOO 11 - 17.6 20 M = 0.6791 x (oto3.5098) 0.86 D Macruronus magellanicus Whiptail hake/Hoki WHI 11 - 25.2 12 M = 0.0035 x (oto4.1798) 0.97 D 3.9605 Micromesistius australis Southern blue whiting BLU NA NA M = 0.0109 x (oto ) 0.88 C 4.3 Patagonotothen ramsayii PAR 0.8 - 8.8 1131 M = 0.0306 x (oto ) 0.82 E 3.2893 Patagonotothen tessellata PTE NA NA M = 0.1585 x (oto ) NA C 4.4758 Salilota australis Red cod BAC 1.4 - 4.9 12 M = 0.0025 x (oto ) 0.93 C 2.7245 Sprattus fugensis Falkland herring SAR 0.7 - 4.9 649 M = 4.7038 x (oto ) 0.78 C i = All input values are in mm. ii = Note, units for output values of reconstituted length vary; either in millimetres or centimetres as in parentheses. iii = Length here refers to the preanal length (PL) measure.